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John Coogan
Co-founder & Co-host, TBPN

China China China, Substack & Pangram Fight Slop, Is It Bleak to Lock In, Search Fund Fairy Tale

📅 Jul 21, 2026 TBPN 158 MIN 5438 VIEWS 446 SEGMENTS · 9 SPEAKERS
00:06:35 China's AI Push Sounds Alarms 00:41:14 Should You Recline Your Airplane Seat? 00:47:24 𝕏 Timeline Reactions 00:56:16 Ferdinand Dabitz, the 25-year-old CEO of Augustus Bank, discusses the company's recent $180 million Series B funding round, which elevated its valuation to $1 billion. He highlights Augustus's mission to "dollarize the world" by modernizing correspondent banking through AI and stablecoin technologies, aiming to provide efficient dollar access globally. Dabitz also emphasizes the strategic importance of dollarization in enhancing U.S. soft power and combating inflation....

What John Coogan said

Written from the verified transcript and checked against it. Every figure links to the moment it was said.

John Coogan discussed the debate over Chinese open-weight AI models, citing OpenAI and Anthropic executives' warnings and Treasury Secretary Bessent's stance against IP theft. He noted the US government doesn't owe labs a business model but should enforce laws. He covered Substack's new AI detection feature with Pangram, arguing disclosure matters more than banning AI. He interviewed Ferdinand Dabitz of Augustus on its $180 million Series B and dollarization thesis, Kaiwei Tang of Light Phone on its new $299 flip phone and organic growth, and Chris Best of Substack on the 'slop wars.' He also discussed houseboats as affordable housing, airplane seat reclining etiquette, Coca-Cola's rebrand, and restomods. He interviewed Steven Schwartz of Wob on its CLI and $45 million monthly earnings, Katie Roof on scoops, Zavain Dar on biotech, and Chad Edwards of Cusp AI on its $450 million raise and royalty-based materials discovery model.

Key takeaways

  1. Coogan reported Treasury Secretary Bessent supports open-source models but will sanction overseas models for IP theft.
  2. Coogan highlighted Substack's new AI detection feature via Pangram, arguing disclosure is key, not banning AI.
  3. Coogan noted Light Phone's new $299 flip phone, with 28% of Gen Z interested in non-smartphones.
  4. Coogan discussed Cusp AI's $450 million raise and its royalty-based business model for materials discovery.

Numbers and commitments

FigureWhat it refers toTypeAt
$180 million Augustus Series B raise commitment 57:24
$1 billion Augustus valuation metric 57:24
$299 Light Phone Flip price price 5:20
28% Gen Z interested in non-smartphone metric 1:16:19
40% LinkedIn long-form text generated by AI metric 1:18:11
$45 million Wob monthly earnings metric 1:58:13
$450 million Cusp AI raise commitment 2:28:06
$1.5 billion Anthropic copyright lawsuit settlement other 18:03
$3,000 Payout per work in Anthropic settlement other 18:56
500,000 Estimated works in Anthropic settlement metric 18:56

Chapters

  1. 0:00Chinese AI models and US response
  2. 31:43Substack AI detection launch
  3. 36:20Houseboats as housing hack
  4. 41:16Airplane seat reclining debate
  5. 47:25Coca-Cola rebrand review
  6. 50:42Restomods and factory restoration
  7. 56:23Augustus dollarization interview
  8. 1:03:37Light Phone flip phone interview
  9. 1:17:16Substack slop wars interview
  10. 1:37:30Wob CLI and entrepreneurship

Questions asked in this interview

12
  1. 56:48I think one thing we always liked about the bank thing is that it felt so hard, right?
  2. 59:44And then we're already kind of like big on euro clearing, right?
  3. 1:04:35When was the last time you or anyone else spent 3 hours swiping TikTok and you snap out of it?
  4. 1:09:27So we design product for that, right?
  5. 1:14:38Like when's the last time you upgraded your hammer?
  6. 1:18:11Am I actually reading something this person believes in or, you know, did Brian Chesky get hacked or whatever is going on?
  7. 1:28:46The question is, what human believes in, stands behind, has the perspective that I'm spending my time and energy ingesting?
  8. 1:42:03And it's after roadblocks, what are all the kids supposed to do?
  9. 1:55:42I mean, there's a huge crisis right now, I think, where people are realizing that the AI doesn't actually have the level of original thought that is needed to lift anything off the ground. And what are they doing?
  10. 2:09:18I should just copy them, right?
  11. 2:14:43It just might be egregious, right?
  12. 2:24:27And to maybe take a step back and say, 'Hey, what's the good that's happening if we're right in developing these technologies and sciences?
John Coogan 0:04 ↗
I see a large IPO on the horizon. You're surrounded by journals. Hold your position.
Overnight success. The Glaciator 3000. Double. Right. Misinformation. Clearing order inbound.
Let's just roll. We are surrounded by journals. Hold your position. Come on, get up. Trust the experts here.
We are found. I see multiple journalists on the horizon. Stand by. UAV online. Blaze.
Double blaze. Triple blaze. Double kill. Top is wins. Team Deathmatch.
We are experts. Triple blades. That's just wrong. Right. Mark clearing order inbound. Get up.
We are surrounded by journalists. Hold your position. Strike one. Strike two. Activate golden retriever mode.
Market clearing order inbound. 5. Join us on the horizon.
You're watching TBPN. Today's Tuesday, July 21st. We are live from the TBPN Ultradome, the temple of technology, the fortress of finance, the capital of capital.
Let me tell you about ramp.com. Time is money. Save both. You use corporate cards, bill pay, accounting, and a whole lot more all in one place. We got a sponsor collab. Privy teaming up with RAMP to launch stablecoin accounts powered by Privy. Congrats to both teams. We also have some other news from RAMP folks coming on the show later this week. Very excited to chat with them. Anyway, China, China, China, China is in the news.
But first, should we go through the lineup? Yeah, please take.
We have Ferdinand Dabitz from Augustus coming on, raising $180 million Series B at a billion-dollar valuation. Kai from Light Phone is launching a $299 Light Phone.
They're calling it the dumbest dumb phone. It's our dumbest dumb phone ever. Actually, it's a slightly less... it's a less dumb phone. It's a smarter dumb phone. It might be the smartest dumb phone. We'll see.
And then we got Chris Best from Substack coming on to talk about his war on slop. They're partnering with Pangram. He's the best. Excited about that. Then Steven Schwartz from [__] live in the Ultradome on launching their new [__] CLI. And then the Roofinator, Katie Roof, the new editor over at Business Insider.
We got Katie Roof. We got the paywall set up. We do have a paywall. We have a paywall here and the golden scoop. Can we get a camera over here? There. We got the paywall. We're busting down the paywall for Katie Roof today with the golden scoop. Scoop.
So keep an eye out for that. Then we have Zavain from Dimension, sorry. And then Chad Edwards capping it off with a cool $450 million raise at the end. So stay tuned and let's get into it.
Fantastic. Well, top American execs are sounding alarms on these models. Let's give it up for top American... Oh god, there. Yeah, let's give it up for the top American AI execs. The White House is divided on how to respond to recent advances in Chinese AI, has weighed crackdown measures. We talked about how this was coming. It is interesting. There's a lot of like, you know, hurry up and pedal to the metal and then pull back and then ban the American model and then are we going to ban the Chinese model in a similar way? And lots of contradictions, lots of insider baseball. Everyone's critiquing everyone else. Lots of interesting takes. Also just some interesting data about what's actually going on with these models. How advanced are they? Where do they come from? How cheap are they to make? What are the economic impacts in America? But the Wall Street Journal has a nice little roundup here we can take you through.
So Silicon Valley and Washington are debating a multi-billion-dollar question: Should American companies be able to use Chinese artificial intelligence models? They certainly have been able to. It hasn't been a problem for years, but now they're getting stronger. OpenAI and Anthropic executives are sounding the alarm about the rise of cheap AI, particularly powerful new models produced in China, suggesting that they will lead to, quote, 'a dystopian AI future' and present unacceptable security risks without regulation. And that is the point of debate. Are you on the side of dystopian open source or liberating open source? The George Hotz frame. Some analysts who study the AI industry say the two companies, which are preparing for public listings in the next year, they just want to eliminate the competition.
The emergence of highly capable open autonomous AI systems, including Moonshot AI's Kimi K3 model and Alibaba's Qwen 3.8 Max. And Alibaba is actually a massive investor in Moonshot. They have their own Anthropic-Google thing going on over there. Alibaba is very much their Google 2 in the sense that they have a large position there, which were released in recent days and viewed favorably by investors and users, has turned the AI race on its head once again. Kimi K3 was also competitive with US models on some benchmarks. The debate over the new models, which are, quote, 'open-weight' but not yet β€” they're about to open source them, we'll see what happens next week β€” allowing users to download and customize them with company data for specific tasks. Very, very good, very useful.
Coincides with division in the Trump administration about whether to take steps to limit the use of models in the United States. Quote: 'One probable outcome of an open-weight model-dominant world is full AI communism, which is precisely what China proposes, rather than a market product. AI is a public good, which will ultimately be provided by the state as a kind of digital public infrastructure.' Dean Ball, OpenAI's head of strategic futures, said in an X post Friday. Dean Ball made it to the pages of the Wall Street Journal. Now, the AI communism is just at the model level. Like there would still be a bunch of people who are long compute, long neoclouds. They say like this is where the value should accrue. The data centers will accrue a reasonable margin and they will still continue to make money. And so it's not that this automatically leads to nationalization of compute in any way. People would still be paid, but the margins might be lower is at least the formulation here.
So, a former Trump administration official called such a scenario a dystopian hellscape, and he said he expected the Trump administration to make moves toward reducing the use of open-source models. Ball later clarified that he wasn't advocating for the United States government to discourage Chinese AI. He also highlighted a central challenge with the AI race: top-tier AI companies raise billions of dollars to pay for the vast computing resources needed to continue improving AI systems. If everyone uses AI systems that people largely don't pay for, there would be no way to finance continued frontier AI development. Ball, who started at the company earlier this month and focuses on policy and strategy at OpenAI, said his comments don't reflect the company's official positions. He's just posting. The company has developed its own open models, and chief executive Sam Altman had previously said that OpenAI's past approach of only developing closed tools was unwise.
Other top AI executives have warned that open models present huge risk since developers and policymakers lack control over how they are used and modified. Lot of risk of cyber attacks, a lot of risk of annoying spam attacks. The cyber thing is very concerning and annoying if that really ramps up. But the good news is that the closed-source models have been available to cybersecurity firms and a lot of big major companies. The finance industry, for example, has had access to Mythos and GPT Cyber for almost six months. And then just today Google announced a specific model, Flash Lite Cyber, I think. So they're trying to offer a similar capability but really go down the cost curve because a lot of the cyber tools, there was incredible breakthroughs with Mythos GPT Cyber, like great benchmarks on those, but could be very expensive.
We heard, I think wasn't it Dario said he, I think he spent like a million dollars to find some zero-day bug and it was like totally worth it, but that's expensive for smaller companies that might just need... it would be great to just be able to go to a cheap cyber-tuned model, get approved by Google, and say, hey, just go and read every line of code and just let me know if there's anything that's obvious, and that could be good.
Yeah, and just to be clear, they released 3.5 Flash Lite and 3.5 Flash Cyber, so it's not like Flash Lite Cyber. Okay. But Flash is still cheaper than the big model, right? There's like the Pro and then there's... and so I have to imagine that if you, given the choice, if you're like a midsize company and your choice is like go beat down the door to get into Project Glass Wing to spend $5 million to have Mythos read every line of code, or you're like, oh, well, I'm already a Google partner. I have a really solid business relationship with them because I've been buying ads and I have Google Webmaster Tools set up and I just want to go set up Flash Cyber, not Flash Lite Cyber. I imagine that the cost would be cheaper because they fine-tuned this model for this specific thing since they are benchmaxing or whatever SemiAnalysis called them, but that's useful in this case, right?
So Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei for years has warned about the risks of powerful and open AI systems, saying in a recent Bloomberg interview that having AI models with advanced cybersecurity capabilities that are free to download could be harmful. He said it's a serious concern. Use of Chinese models, which are far cheaper than US counterparts, is surging at US companies, prompting some investors to question the staying power of top model makers such as Anthropic and OpenAI. The current US open-source frontier is starting to catch up with China's. On Wednesday, Thinking Machines Lab, led by former AI technology chief Mira Murati, released its first AI model as open-weight. Nvidia's Nemotron 3 Ultra is starting to see traction. That's interesting to hear. I haven't heard nearly enough buzz around Nemotron. I know Jensen has been investing in it. He's also investing in a lot of, you know, up and down the stack.
I've been hearing buzz about the name, John. Nemotron's a good name. Nemotron. Very cool name. People are, you know, there's some talks bubbling. People are saying it's one of the best names for a family of models ever.
What comes after Ultra? Isn't that what the... didn't Apple first do that with the M4 Pro, the M4 Max, the M4 Ultra? So we got to come up with an even better word for what happens after Ultra. Giga, maybe. And then Exa. You just keep going down the... Tera. Although terrorists like land, that's a different one. Anyway, the market's faith in Anthropic and OpenAI continuing to build more capable models that push the AI frontier has been at the heart of the boom, helping justify trillions of dollars in spending on infrastructure in the coming years. The threat that new players will vastly undercut what they can charge for advanced AI pushed down some tech and AI company stock prices last week.
David Sacks, the venture capitalist and White House AI advisor, suggested that he read Ball's post as a confession to a regulatory capture strategy. Sacks and others have long seen calls for AI regulation by companies such as Anthropic as efforts to use new laws and policies to stymie competitors. 'The weaponization of regulatory uncertainty as a competitive tool should be completely unacceptable,' he said. Security-focused administration officials in the past year have considered a slew of measures to crack down on Chinese AI companies developing open models. People familiar with the discussion said they have weighed adding the businesses to trade blacklists, security warnings on Chinese AI companies, and a potential executive order targeting open models.
So it does seem like even though Tyler Cowen, we were going back and forth with him about this, about like can you even ban it? You can't really ban anything in the land of the free. Like the solution to piracy was not really to ban piracy. Like you can still torrent things, but it's just so easy to use Apple TV and Spotify and Netflix that most people just wind up just paying $5, $2 for a song or $10 a month for something that effectively killed it just because the product experience was better.
This morning, our Treasury Secretary, Bessent, was on Fox and said, 'This administration supports open-source models, but what we do not support is IP theft. If we see, especially, that overseas models are stealing from our great companies, we have the ability to sanction them because of this theft.' So it will be, if the admin does take serious action here, I would expect that to be the line of reasoning where they could just sanction the companies behind these models, which I imagine would prevent... it would create a real opportunity for American open source. But you would ultimately see a lot of these, you know, neoclouds unable, I imagine, to serve the, you know, traditional Chinese open-source models. I imagine that even OpenRouter would probably have to stop supporting that.
But again, with an open-source model, like how do you even define it? Because if there's a research paper and then you go and implement that and you train it, or you take it, you fine-tune it, or you use the data to bootstrap your own model, like just like where in the supply chain, how many steps away do you need to be to like not count on there? You imagine, I mean, didn't Perplexity do like a 1776 DeepSeek very quickly? They did a fine-tune. I think you did a fine-tune on DeepSeek as well. Wow. Yeah. It was like using sparse autoencoders. Okay. I did it first. So, but what nationality was the model that you used as the base? Well, it was DeepSeek. It was Chinese. Wow. Confession. You can go now.
Yeah, people are already angry at Bessent's comments in our saying. Funny that he's not mentioning that yesterday a US judge approved Anthropic's $1.5 billion copyright lawsuit settlement for, I don't think they... I think they settled that they were in possession of books that had been torrented or basically acquired unlawfully. Yeah.
I don't believe that acquired unlawfully. Sounds like they stole the books. I think they bought the books. No, no, no, no, no. I think this was... no, they separately, they bought a bunch of books, trained on them, and destroyed them. And that just made people upset because no one... the idea of books being destroyed, of course. I think those were rare, like rare, rare books. The Wilmanitis collection was destroyed. Rare PDFs. No, but I believe so. Judge William Alsup of the US District Court for the Northern District of California issued a preliminary approval of the settlement last year after ruling that Anthropic had illegally downloaded and stored millions of copyrighted books. And the settlement was signed off on by a different judge yesterday. The payout will deliver $3,000 per work across an estimated 500,000 works shared among the authors and publishers who hold rights to them.
I have more here, but first I'm going to tell you about Figma. Agents, meet the canvas. Your AI agents can now create and modify your Figma files with design system context. So, Nick Carter, who we love, former guest of the show, he says, 'I haven't seen one person from OpenAI or Anthropic address John's argument here.' Quote: 'The point is simple. The US government does not owe either of the large labs a business model.' I think that's accurate. That's true. The US government doesn't owe any company a business model. It's a free market. It's a free country. If the economics of selling tokens don't work due to distillation, cheap clones, Chinese AI magic, the American enterprise and consumer will be A-OK. That is also true. The American consumer and enterprise will be OK. Flooding the market, dumping all this stuff is great for consumers. It's great for enterprises. Cheaper products are great.
The question is, does the US government actually kind of owe the... like the reason you pay taxes, that actually does pay for the FBI who go and find spies. And so if the allegation, which has been sort of toyed around with some of the lab leaders at some conferences like off the record and then it's like made it to the record, I don't exactly know where the allegations stand at this point, but if the allegation is, look, there's a spy here who's stealing code and exporting it to another country, or even the distillation which is in violation of terms of service, and it's a geopolitical debate because it's an international company, it's like that's the reason why you pay taxes to pay the government to actually help fight on your behalf.
Because if it's OpenAI stealing from Anthropic or vice versa, they'll just walk across the street and serve them papers and be like, 'We're suing each other.' This is what happened with Apple and OpenAI. Like they're going to solve that in the court of law, which is of course paid for by the US taxpayers as well. That judge who oversees that and decides that case will be paid for by US taxpayers. That is an amenity of the US government. And a similar amenity is when someone is violating your terms of service or actively stealing from you, you actually can engage the US government. So I agree that the US government doesn't owe anyone a business model, but the US government does sort of owe the ability to chase down something if it is truly illegal and there's no other recourse like just, hey, we're turning off your account because you're not abiding by terms of service.
But the rest of the point is good and the knock-on effects are good. He understands the value to the American consumer of cheap goods. He understands the value to the neoclouds and other token factories. All of this is fine. But I just thought that there is a line there that some people on the inside have been stronger about. There's been a lot of debate on like is this distilled? Is it going to say it's Claude or ChatGPT? And you know, it goes back and forth. There's a bunch of examples. It's always hard to chase down, but that's why we have like a real process to hunt that down. Anyway, there was some news about like whether or not Kimi K3 is distilled. Tyler, can you take us through this Lisan Algaib post because I want to know what this chart means because it seems important to this discussion.
Yeah. So he didn't actually make this chart. It was from someone else. But basically, this shows a bunch of models compared to another and it's like the kind of semantic similarities between them. So it's like if you use similar kind of diction or phrases, stuff like this, you just like pump the models a bunch of times and you kind of can tell what's similar to each other. And you can see in this version it looks like Kimi K3 is very similar to Fable 5.
Fable 5 and then also Opus 4.7, Opus 4.8, and Sonnet 5. So they might have gotten tokens from like all four of those models sort of mixed. Also, I think this exact example, like I think only like a few prompts were used. It's not like super involved. It's also like this is very much just like correlation. This is not like proving that they stole or learned anything. They could have just used like similar, you know, post-training techniques or something like this.
Totally. But notably, GPT 5.4, 5.5, 5.6 share very little similarity to the Anthropic models and vice versa. The Anthropic models don't seem to be correlated with the OpenAI models. Although the OpenAI models are correlated with each other. So, 5.6 Luna looks pretty correlated with 5.4 because they probably were like, well, we're building on the shoulders of the work that we've done. And it's the same thing with Anthropic where Fable has some of the same flavor as an Opus or a Haiku. And that makes sense.
That makes sense because people have like been saying, 'Oh, maybe those models were actually distilled from the big like Mythos pre-train, right?' Yeah. Or vice versa. You have a bunch of users that are doing rollouts on Opus trying to vibe code different things and you take all that training data and then you feed that into Fable and Fable sort of like picks up on a lot of that because that's what the user said, 'Wow, you really did a great job on this Opus' or 'you did really poorly.' It pulls that out, but it's still learning the textual similarity.
Well, people will go back and forth on this and debate the level of distillation and also what the punishment for distillation should be. Should it just be a slap on the wrist or should it be something bigger? It's obviously... Yeah. So Bill Gurley's chiming in on Bessent's comments. He says, 'If there has been theft, that suggests a crime has been committed, but I'm unaware of any lawsuits being filed. No company should be allowed to declare infringement without adjudication. I'm not convinced a court would call using a product as it's designed theft. There is a reason this is being lobbied in DC instead of the normal court systems.' The only thing I would say here is like distillation against the terms of service. Yeah.
And I think that suing Chinese companies... Yeah. it would be a complete and total waste of time. Ask anyone who's built a product that's been knocked. I disagree. Incredible. Or a farm, if you personally serve Xi Jinping the next time he's in San Francisco meeting with a world leader, you show up, you have been served. You show up to the UN, serve the world leader. There's something about that that's, you know, extremely bold.
But no, I agree with you. Very difficult. I don't even know if you went to your law firm and you said like, hey, we want to sue this Chinese company, like how they would trace that down. Also, deeply ironic and deeply unsympathetic suit, right? Because the general populace feels like AI is all theft and it's all been stolen from the public commons or the public internet. It's like distilled on the internet. We all did all these, we all made all these websites and now they all have been distilled into these frontier models. And then you're saying, 'Oh, well, the distillation stops at the frontier lab.' So, not going to have a lot of sympathetic viewers.
Someone responded to Bill's post with a similar point to the one I made and said the reason there hasn't been any lawsuits is that a trial would take years, assuming you can get a Chinese company to participate, and the game will be over by then. China steals IP, this is obvious. You don't find many instances of US companies suing Chinese companies in US courts. Bill Gurley fires back with a screenshot from ChatGPT saying, 'Here are 10 clear examples.'
The first five were filed in US courts. Okay. You have Motorola Solutions. Okay. It was a US plaintiff with a Chinese defendant, Hytera Communications. This was Chicago federal court in 2017. T-Mobile came after Huawei, federal court in Seattle, 2014. Huawei employees copied and took parts from Tappy, its phone testing robot.
Cisco sued Huawei. Let's give it up for Cisco. Let me actually tell you. Cisco accused Huawei of copying... Cisco is critical infrastructure for the AI era. Unlock seamless real-time experience of new value at Cisco. Continue. Cisco accused Huawei of copying router source code, command line interfaces, manuals, and patented networking technology. That's what I'm talking about.
Textron Innovations, the correct use of the US government. DJI in federal court in Waco, Texas, home to a fantastic wave pool. Textron alleged DJI drones infringed patents covering flight control and tracking technology. And there's a bunch of other examples. Yeah. AMSC, American Superconductor Company. He's one shot by Chinese... Sinovel Wind Group. Okay. Anyways, lots going on here.
Two of our former guests are chirping at each other on the timeline. We talked to Jim Cramer at the New York Stock Exchange. Want to change the world? Raise capital at the New York Stock Exchange. We interviewed Jim Cramer at the New York Stock Exchange. Great time. He's going back and forth with George Hotz, another former guest of the show. Jim Cramer says, 'We must not let our companies use these Chinese models to save a few bucks. OpenAI and Anthropic are correct. This is vital national security. Please read Bing West's just released Catch Five. I respect the Chinese people greatly, but these companies are run by the PLA for heaven's sakes.'
George Hotz fires back under the tinygrad handle. He says, 'Is this a joke? I'd be happy to use Anthropic if they put their weights on Hugging Face like the Chinese. American tech companies are rent extraction machines that have lost the plot. No point continuing to defend them. They need to change if they want to win people back.' 474 likes on that. The open source community is coming out strong. Anyway, meanwhile, China is also thinking about export controls in the Financial Times.
Okay. Apparently Alibaba, ByteDance, and keep going back and forth on li... what ministry is this? The Ministry of Communications? Don't know. MOFCOM. Help me out there, Tyler. Moffcom. MOFCOM talked to AI companies including Alibaba, ByteDance, and Zhipu on limiting the transfer of key data for the training of their models overseas, as well as allowing their model weights to be downloaded.
Ministry of Commerce, probably their Department of Commerce. That seems more like it. China would still let overseas customers access the models and services, but sounds like they are leaning towards not making the weights open. We're going to see with the new Kimi K3 if they actually release the weights next week.
Dean Ball says, 'Wow, two days in a row where things I said are likely to happen seem likelier to happen from two adversarial countries. Almost as though my analysis was right and as though people should not have deliberately misinterpreted me as making prescriptions. Huh.' Dean Ball victory laugh. You got to take a victory laugh for Dean Ball. He called it. No, I mean he was saying like I don't necessarily agree with this, but just from his experience this is how things might play out. And people were very upset with him about... Chat says Ministry of Commerce, People's Republic. Yeah, it's their Department of Commerce. That would go hard on a business card. It would.
Anyway, you're trying to make a new business card, fire up Codex, design it there, have it printed, have Codex do everything for you. Fantastic at creating custom things and then running them off to special printers. Codex, of course, is a powerful workspace for getting work done with AI agents. Whether you're writing code, analyzing data, creating content, or automating business workflows, Codex helps you move projects forward from start to finish.
The great slop wars continue. Let's pull up this video from Substack. Substack. We got Chris Best coming on at 12:15. It's just an image. They say, 'Today, Substack is launching an AI detection feature via an integration with Pangram. Going forward, you'll be able to scan posts, replies, and comments on the Substack app to see an estimate of how much of it was written by a human or with AI assistance. We care about this at Substack because it gets to the core of our mission to build an economic engine for culture.'
This is going to be bad for Tyler since he's mastered the ability to write exactly like an AI. What was that sentence? Sentence you wrote by hand that was like 'according to studies you're absolutely right' and you just threw in every possible ism and got flagged 100% by Pangram. No. I think people will enjoy this. The revealed preference is probably that people don't care if it's good and they enjoy the content. But we'll go back and forth and debate it with Chris Best today and see where all of that is going.
He wrote a post against Claude fishing. He doesn't want people to be disingenuous about their process. Now, do you think that Substack writers should admit when they hire essentially ghostwriters? Probably, because sometimes you start a brand under a name. Like not every post on Bloomberg.com is from Michael Bloomberg. In fact, none of them are. They're all from other people. But they disclose this is from, you know, some writer. This is from Joe Weisenthal, right? But some new influencer brands have grown. Even in the pre-AI era, I had a writer on my team when I was doing YouTube videos where I would write something, he would do a draft, we'd sort of go back and forth. I'd put them in the credits. But I wouldn't like kick it off with like, 'Hey, just so you know...'
In the chat says book authors don't. That is certainly true. That's 100% true. Some book authors will put like this is written by this person and this person. It depends on like the aura of the ghostwriter. Some ghostwriters actually do get credits in the book. But yes, most book authors, like Tom Clancy I think passed away and is still producing books. There's a number of writers where their individual brand grew so big that you can have like a new business. Yeah. They become their own brand. And so yeah, I would imagine that 30% of the books in like an airport bookstore are just 100% ghostwritten and probably don't disclose it.
I do think it should be possible to get to the truth if you hunt hard enough, but I don't necessarily need you to put it front and center. So, let's say that the next Tom Clancy book, they hire someone who's effectively a prompt engineer and they're writing it using AI. I would like to be able to, you know, look in the back of the book and see a paragraph that discloses that, but it doesn't need to be on the cover. On the cover, it can just say Tom Clancy. Yeah. For a Substack author. Yeah. Or creator, just put it somewhere that you have a team of people that help you create your work.
Well, Dave Eggers took to the Financial Times saying that no one is going to read AI books. He's of course the author of The Circle. He's an American writer, editor, publisher. A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius is his 2000 memoir bestseller, finalist for the Pulitzer Prize. He says, 'Gullible and ridiculous. No one will read AI novels.' I think people are already reading AI novels, so maybe he means like no one who's cool or no one who he likes or something.
Let's read through a little bit of this Financial Times article. Dave Eggers offers a hand so I can clamor aboard his 23-foot sailboat moored in the shadow of San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge. It's a grand setting with few frills. As we sit on the stern, a meter apart, fuel cans and fishing nets at our feet, there is no one around to disturb our conversation. The nearest toilets are portaloos, a short bike ride away. The berthing fees are negligible, making it one of the cheapest places to live in uber-wealthy Silicon Valley. I hadn't thought of that sailboat. If you're at a tech company, this has got to be the next big lock-in trend.
Antonio Garcia Martinez did this. I've got in his book, Chaos Monkeys. I won't be satisfied until I see larpers posting images on Twitter being like, 'Hey, I just moved to San Francisco. I'm building the next one-person $25 billion.' I'm finding a houseboat in San Rafael. Yeah. How much? For $1,000? It actually works out to $1,483 a month apparently if you finance it through Boat Trader. Goodbye. It's only about $200,000 to live in a 2022 houseboat. 2022. That's a brand new houseboat.
Yeah. So you have to think about the slip fees, but you could easily come in, have your own house on the water. The average one-bedroom rent in San Francisco is like two grand, three grand right now. Yeah. You could have a whole house and a boat. And a boat. It's amazing. This is the hack. If you get a job in tech and you're printing, making six figures, move into a houseboat.
Let's pull this up. Wait, is this an option in LA? Should members of the team be doing this? Should we recommend this to... Look at this brand almost brand new 2024 La Mer Modern 11. It's a 36-foot houseboat. We have a video here. Well, Dave Eggers says they call it a $10 dock with a million-dollar view. Look at this, John. Yeah. Couple thousand bucks a month. This is where the next great startup will be born for sure. Garages are out.
And also like, oh, take your shoes off. It's natural to take your shoes off when you're on a boat, you know, right? Must got boat shoes. Wear boat shoes to... The La Mer Modern 11 offers reliable performance and strong power with two Yamaha 25 high-thrust engines providing a total of 50 horsepower. Its two cabins and one head ensure overnight comfort for extended stays. How about year-long stays? How about a decade-long stay? The boat's design includes an upper deck terrace with flexiteak flooring, enhancing its appeal for relaxation and entertainment, and might I say, lock-in standard features such as air conditioning. We have air conditioning on our houseboats.
With reverse cycle heat, heated floors, LED lighting. Heated floors. LED lighting. Yeah. The inclusion of foam-filled composite floats and galvanized steel subframe ensures durability and stability. Did we just solve the housing crisis? Send this to Sager and Jetty immediately. This is seasteading. This is the Teal thesis. Everyone living in houseboats just more... BoatTrader.com is saying that this is amazing. Modern houseboat would come out to just $2,259 with only $52,000 down. I promise that we have no financial relationship with BoatTrader.com. Yeah. Even though I'm making a pretty strong pitch here. Yet. I love it.
I'm tempted. Maybe we should... I mean you can... I'm finding another, a 2021 for only... 99 now. Only. Yeah. Only $100,000. This comes out to $738 a month. That is cheap. That is cheap. Giving houseboats away. John, when I moved to San Francisco, we lived in the Tenderloin. Three people and it was 1,500 a month. How many people do you think you could sleep in there? Given that one of us slept in a closet and the other one slept in the living room, so there was only... it was a one-bedroom technically. We had three dudes in a one-bedroom. 1,500 a month. So it's equivalent to $500 a month. Do you think you can fit two people in there in a $700 a month houseboat? Oh, for sure. Yeah. So we're finding... the team is finding slip fees around LA for 700 bucks a month. You get a... Everyone's got to be houseboat maxing. Imagine just bombing. You can get this houseboat for only $600 a month.
This is elite. This is the future. We must return to the ocean. Return to the sea. Anyway, Dave Eggers thinks no one's going to read AI books. We can move on. TL;DR, we got distracted. Sorry. But congratulations on the sick houseboat. It sounds amazing. The article is actually funny. It goes into a whole thing how he was like chirping with Sam Altman, goes to... Welcome to the houseboat. The business of buoyancy. The president of propellers. I love it. That's right. The presidency of propellers.
Should you recline your airplane seat? What do you think? People are going back and forth on this. Brandon Duck says, 'I don't remember subscribing to this channel, but I've been listening for 10 minutes. I'm having a good time.' Welcome. Last name Ducks comes on just for the... Yeah, make it make sense. Make it make sense. Make it make sense. It's just like I just happen to be here for the duck section of the show. Andrew says, 'I'm going to need a double-wide houseboat.' Lol. Bootlegging distilled Anthropic models on the houseboat. There we go. Living the dream. This is crazy.
Okay. So, should you recline your airplane seat? There's a central... investigating the central dilemma of our time. Joshua Rothman in the New Yorker wrote a piece. Imagine this scenario. After a long drive to the airport, you've just taken off for a 15-hour flight. Where are you going? 15 hours is so long. How long was the flight to Austria from LA? I think it's like 12 hours. So you're going... I think you're going to the Middle East. You're going to the Middle East, maybe. Okay.
You're in coach and a family of three is sitting behind you. A man, a woman, and a toddler. They seem nice, but as the flight continues, the kiddo grows restless. He kicks your seat and pokes her toys into your shoulder. 'Stop that,' you hear the father say. The toddler incredibly quiets down. The cabin lights dim. It's time to sleep. Yet, just as rest closes in, you sense motion. The seat in front of you is reclining. You watch as it comes all the way back. Now, you feel cramped with someone else's seat in your face. You also notice some stiffness in your shoulders. Your fingers caress your own recline button. Surely the reclined-upon are entitled to recline. Just as you start to lean back, you hear a clearing...
throat. You turn around to see the dad who fixes you with his gaze. 'Excuse me,' he says. 'Would you mind keeping your seat up?' I think it's game on. They put the button there. They would just take it away.
I've always expected everyone to just recline.
Everyone reclines. Everyone has the same amount of space. It's the conservation of space. And it's really hard to make the argument that the vertical seat is more comfortable than the recline seat.
Exactly. So, I think everyone commit to comfort.
Everyone commits to comfort.
And then the chat is sharing the real alpha. Stand up immediately when the flight lands. Have you seen those Meta Ray-Ban videos where people sprint to the front? It's so rude. The guy is like, you know, he's like as soon as he goes beep, he just bolts and passes everybody and gets to the front. Very rude. I don't think you should do that.
This is antisocial behavior. I don't think you should recline your seat.
How is it antisocial?
Because you're infringing on someone. Just because you can do it doesn't mean you should.
But they put the button there. Horrible take. They're horrible take that.
That's like don't use the bathroom on the plane. My entire life, even as a child, I was looking up waiting for, you know, the seat belt sign to be up in the air. Seat belt sign's off, you recline your seat. Everyone reclines their seat. All good.
Yeah. What about ordering a Diet Coke on a plane? If I'm sitting next to you, will you order a Diet Coke or is that antisocial behavior? Because there's a percentage chance that you will spill that Diet Coke on me, thereby inconveniencing me. The most pro. If you really care about me, you should not order anything. You shouldn't eat anything. You shouldn't drink anything. You should sit there in your unreclined seat, perfectly upright, silent. Don't make a move.
That's completely different.
Okay. What's your stance on JBL in the airplane?
Little JBL, you know.
I do think that could be the next trend. The big question is, are you bringing on your smart portable speaker maybe from OpenAI, are you bringing that on the plane and talking to it the whole time? Is that offensive?
I think that's deeply offensive.
Have you seen when a band is traveling and they start playing on the plane?
Have you seen these videos?
No.
That sounds cool, though.
I'll send you one. Yeah, send me that.
That would make me jump. So, this all started because in 2014, FiveThirtyEight, we got to have him on the show. Nate, obviously. FiveThirtyEight asked around a thousand flyers what they thought about reclining their seats. 41% of them said that reclining was rude, so they lost. It's not rude.
It's over.
59% said it's fine, I guess, if it was just binary. That number seems to have risen, though. In 2020, Eric Jones, a math professor who writes about travel statistics on the website The Vacationer, conducted a similar survey and found that 77% of respondents objected to reclining. Wow. Sheep. Shill over here. We got sheep.
How about this? I think you should be able to recline if you're dressed nicely. If you're wearing sweatpants, then you don't get to.
You don't get to recline.
Should kids be able to kick the seat in front of them as much as they want? See, that's something I will totally put up with. I'm totally fine getting kicked in the back by a kid because it's so brutal as a parent, as a kid to be on a plane. They're locked up in the plane. That's miserable. And just tough it out. You're reclined. You have multiple inches of padding. Unless you got Ronaldo back. Order that hot pizza pocket. Live life in the permanent underclass. Live a little. For God's sake.
Yeah. Let's pull up this video. And what video we have now?
All right.
Oh, this is so good. I love this.
Like, this is so antisocial behavior. This is so breaking the social contract, but it's also just such an elite performance that you got to respect it a little bit. Getting around that woman is crazy crazy work. I can't believe this.
I might, if I'm really in a hurry, I might go one seat forward. Like sort of if I'm on the aisle, I might sort of like make sure I get the first position, pole position. I think that's fair.
Chat wants to know if the plane is in free fall, would you recline a little on the way down?
Engine failure.
I think, yeah, that's fine. I think that's fine.
Okay. Okay. Okay. So, you would be rude to your neighbors in this sort of stressful, you know, potentially terrible life-threatening moment. You wouldn't mind being rude to your neighbors.
In my final moments, that's when you would choose to disrespect me, Tyler.
Not when I'm living life, having a Diet Coke, enjoying myself. You're fine then. But when I'm at my last breath, that's when you decide to add insult to future injury.
Yeah.
Weird.
Wow.
I don't get it. Make it make sense.
Wow.
Make it make sense. Coca-Cola rebrand. We got to talk about the Coca-Cola rebrand. There's a bunch of things. Ah, there's so much good news today. Coca-Cola rebranded and there's a video of this and people are saying it looks like a tobacco brand. I want your brand review. Coca-Cola unveiled a new global brand identity. It's not technically the Marlboro font.
Flight's crashing in 5 minutes. Can you recline your seat back, please?
Ridiculous. Pull up the video of the Coca-Cola rebrand. I want Jordi's brand review. There we go. The most recognized brand.
This is huge for me.
Wow, they did it.
They did it.
They finally did it.
Serifs, border radius zero, sharp edges, full bleed. It's right to the edges and people were expecting it to look extremely boring. Sans serif, sort of an Apple ripoff. We can pull up this post from Fabrizio Rinaldi about what he was expecting to show sort of where things have been going in rebrands, high fashion. Let's pull up Fabrizio's rendition of the Coca-Cola rebrand. Wasn't this something that you would expect? But instead, we got something much...
Minimalism is out for a while. Maximalism started ripping early last year off a small base, but it's coming back. It does sort of look like Marlboro. People say it's not technically the Marlboro font. It's not the Marlboro font. It looks a little bit different, but it's pretty close.
But also, I mean, incredible alpha in the fact that Marlboro effectively hasn't been able to advertise in 30 years. Like, it's a storied brand. They clearly put an incredible amount of effort into developing the brand, but it's vague enough that even a big brand like Coca-Cola can sort of rip it off and be in the clear.
Yeah. Yeah. The fridge cigs for the win. A lot of people are saying they're leaning into the fridge cigarette concept.
Yes. Very smart.
Okay. Other movie news. Point Break. Have you seen it? No. But you will be able to see it because it's being restored in 4K and it's being re-released in theaters this summer for its 35th anniversary. Highly recommend it. Keanu Reeves. Fantastic movie. Patrick Swayze. It's such a good movie about a bunch of bank robbers who are also extreme athletes. It's super sick. You'd love it. Maybe that's the next movie you see. Maybe we can make it happen even this year. There's another story about restomods from the factory. Companies are going back and offering the actual manufacturer. Do you want to just describe for everyone what is a restomod and then what are the critiques of it? Like take me through the TJ Parker critique of the restomod. We've talked to him about it. What is, when someone says restomod, what are we talking about here?
Okay. So, restomods can look like a lot of things. There's like a range, but at the most basic level, you're taking a classic car and you're trying to not necessarily make it feel like it is a product that was made in the year 2026, but you're trying to make it at least feel like it's fresh off of the dealer lot.
So, I'm restoring it, but I'm also modifying it a little bit.
Yeah. Well, there's range. So, there's some resto mods that are just, they're restoring it to a new condition even though it's an older vehicle.
And when you say you are restoring it, typically this is individuals who want this car. They go to another company that is not the maker of that car. And then they say, 'I would like to purchase a Porsche 911 restomod and it's from 2003, but it drives, everything's been restored. There's been some modifications. Maybe it has CarPlay, heated seats, maybe they've updated little things here and there, tweaked the exhaust. So, it's not original. It's not fully just purely restored.' But what's happening now? Because that's been independent business, sort of unauthorized. What's happening now?
Yeah, there's a huge spectrum to it. So, some might just be making the interior a lot nicer, basically restoring the engine, updating the transmission, things like that, all the way through like adding features and functionality like CarPlay, all the way through sometimes like redesigning the entire interior to make it almost a new car. There's some restomod companies that will just partner with the best automotive designers in the world to just fully redesign the car. And they're basically just keeping everything is being turned over to some degree except the fact that from a regulatory standpoint, it's still the original car, right? And so that helps it make it easier for a restomod company to like make a new car because they don't have to go through all the...
That's what Tyler has. He has a 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee Resto Mod. It is beautiful. It's amazing. Everything about that car is fantastic. That's why it's so popular. It's taste, it's aura. So, Singer, Singer is, you know, one of the most prominent companies in this category, but they've become so popular that manufacturers are saying, 'Hey, we want in on the action.'
Who wants in on the action?
And so, the newest player, Range Rover.
Range Rover.
Let's pull up this video if we can.
And classic Range Rovers are having a huge moment. There's a piece in the Journal about it. Look at this. And people have been clamoring for the analog feel. People have gotten sick of the endless buttons. And this is a way to go back to a 1993 Range Rover Classic, but have it drive as reliably as a brand new car.
I'm super excited about this. My number one pet peeve with restomods historically is they take this beautiful classic car and then they fix it up and then they put their logo on it.
Oh yeah.
And I saw a vintage Bronco that somebody applied this sort of logo to it in the end that just said vintage. It's like, I don't need you to tell me that this vintage car is vintage. Right. You can just make it look like the original version of it. So anyways, I'm super excited for more manufacturers to get into this space.
Yeah. The category is growing quickly. So I think even many of the restomod players will still do quite well.
And this seems super bullish for Range Rover as a company. Like they say, check with your local retailer or Land Rover Classic. You imagine that a lot of people will be drawn into showrooms for this. Will they leave with a 1993 Range Rover Classic that's been restored from the factory or will they buy something new because they're like, 'Yeah, maybe I want that, but that'll be my weekender and I just need something for the family, so I'll just buy something more modern or new.' Like it's just another, it's almost like a halo car just to bring people in, don't you think? If you're driving by an Audi dealership and you saw the R8, you'd go in, maybe you wind up with an A4, but you know, it drew people in. It brought aura to the brand. This does the same thing. Just seeing more 1993 Range Rover Classics in perfect condition on the road will make a 2026 Autobiography look cooler and feel cooler. And so that's beneficial to the whole company.
Yeah. And it will be very interesting to see the way in which manufacturers approach this category. The criticism of a lot of restomod companies is they'll basically take a, you know, $20,000 car, do a little bit of work to it and mark it up like $200,000. And that doesn't feel great. Yeah.
But you know what feels great? Running a business on Shopify. Shopify is the commerce platform that grows with your business and lets you sell in seconds online, in store, on mobile, on social, on marketplaces, and now with AI agents. And we have our first guest of the show, Ferdinand Dabitz from Augustus. Let's warm up the program.
He's back.
We got some big news. We raised some money. Welcome back to Absolute.
You absolute dog. How are you doing? Give us the update. What's going on with the business? What's the news?
Ferdinand Dabitz 56:38 ↗
No. Yeah, I'm feeling good. I like this car stuff. By the way, I have a 2009 Land Rover.
John Coogan 56:45 ↗
There we go. Cool.
Ferdinand Dabitz 56:47 ↗
Myself.
John Coogan 56:47 ↗
That's a great car.
Ferdinand Dabitz 56:48 ↗
So, that was cool. No longer Augustus. Yeah, we raised some money. I think one thing we always liked about the bank thing is that it felt so hard, right? And it was this like...
John Coogan 57:01 ↗
And now you're making it look easy.
Ferdinand Dabitz 57:03 ↗
Yeah, you are making it look easy. I wanted something that felt hard so I could make it look...
John Coogan 57:08 ↗
Make it look effortless. Right.
Ferdinand Dabitz 57:10 ↗
You are making it look effortless. I remember when we hung out, I think it was at the end of last year during the holiday season. You were like, 'Yeah, I'm working on this thing.' And here you are less than a year later.
John Coogan 57:24 ↗
$180 million Series B1, $1 billion valuation. Tiger Global's in. You got a bunch of other folks in. What actually did unlock the new round? Like what's the progress of the core business?
Ferdinand Dabitz 57:37 ↗
I think it's a great question, right? I think there are these three things that were and are still exciting about the business, right? I think the first thing is just this big idea around dollarization, right? And Augustus is built to dollarize the world. And I think people have really started to understand that that's a super important thing, right? And I think over the last 20 years, we've seen a trend towards dollarization effectively, right? Like if you look at the distribution of the dollar globally, kind of like traditionally distributed through these clearing banks, these correspondent banks, that chart goes down and to the right. Like the number of clearing banks has just fallen off year over year. And people were kind of like excited about it, right? Because post-9/11, people said, okay, it's like kind of risky to distribute the dollar and be a bank in Latin America, be a bank in Middle East, bank Africa. Like you probably don't want to do that. And so it should be super expensive and so on and so forth. And people like from a macro point of view start to regret that. And I feel like, okay, actually it's kind of great if people use the dollar all around the world, right? I think it increases dollar demand, right? It's anti-inflationary and it's also this incredible instrument of soft power, right? The first thing we do when Russia goes to Ukraine is we take them off SWIFT and we shut off their dollar clearing. And this is an amazing thing where we don't have to send the tanks and the boys, we can still influence what's going on, right? And so there was this idea like, hey, should we maybe like revert that trend and build the modern correspondent bank, right? A modern dollar clearer that can dollarize the world, right? And provide high quality dollar access to places outside of the United States. I think that was the first big idea that really made a lot of sense from a policy point of view, right? I think it enabled us to charter this bank, but I think also like private capital markets were able to buy into it. So I think that was the number one thing. And ding ding. Then the second macro thing was this idea AI bank, right? If you now build a modern correspondent bank, what does that mean?
John Coogan 59:41 ↗
I think so. Right.
I like the sound of it. I like the sound of it.
Ferdinand Dabitz 59:44 ↗
I think it kind of makes sense, right? Like I think a global economy is on this consistent investment thesis that every major industry is going to be transformed by AI. And I think Augustus is genuinely one of the few assets companies that has exposure to doing that for banking, right? Because Augustus is a bank itself, not yet conditionally approved as you guys know, and is also kind of young enough and cool enough to be a legitimate technology company, right? And so we felt like there was this legitimate opportunity to take this very operationally intensive business, dollar clearing, correspondent banking, where Citibank has tens of thousands of analysts in the wire room that go through the payment file and do the reconciliation and payment office and take it and just automate a bunch of it and turn it into a better business for customers with better economics, right? And so that felt, I think, pretty good. And then I think the third thing was just the progress that the team has made over the last year or so, right? We got the US National Bank conditionally approved. I think we're the eighth company in the history, not in the history of the United States, eighth company since 2010, young history, to kind of like get the conditional approval. That was a big one. And then we're already kind of like big on euro clearing, right? And we scale clear a couple of billions of euros for some of the largest fintechs in the world. And that business was also growing very fast. And so I think these things coming together felt like a good moment and kind of like resulted in that round, I'd say is my little play-by-play.
John Coogan 1:01:07 ↗
Awesome. Do you have something? No, go for it.
How... Yeah, I mean you mentioned that like we are on an upswing of dollarization right now and that feels like a narrative violation because over the past two years we've been in this period of deglobalization, tariffs, there's international conflicts. Like I don't love it, but I could totally imagine a lot of international countries saying, 'Well, we're going to pull back from our relationship with the United States because they're, you know, levying tariffs all over the place and seem to be adopting an America-first strategy.' Like, what am I misreading about the international climate that's actually driving increased dollarization in 2026?
Ferdinand Dabitz 1:01:56 ↗
Yeah, I think it's like less empirical as in this is actually happening. It's more like normative. Do we want this to happen? Right? And what kind of world do we want to live in? And I think people are starting to come around to this idea that we want to live in a dollarized world. And that wasn't always a given. And I think it wasn't even a given for the last 20 years. As I said, like since 9/11, like I think correspondent banking has been like an increasingly unattractive business and people say stay away from banking non-US financial institutions. Don't do it. And I think that the wind is changing on that a bit. And then I do think that the administration is actually much cleaner on dollarization than people give them credit for. Right? I think all the work that the Trump admin is doing on stablecoins, for example, is largely driven by dollarization thesis, right? This idea that if we can more effectively distribute the dollar abroad, it's good for the United States, right? Because it's an instrument of soft power and increases dollar demand and anti-inflationary, right? And I think there's a real school of thought in the admin that's big on this. And I think that is in a way a policy and like a byproduct of that is the public-private partnership that is a national bank, right? It's not just a normal company. It has to live in these regulatory moments.
John Coogan 1:03:06 ↗
Amazing. Well, congratulations. Keep up the great work. I'm sure incredible update hearing from you in just a couple months at this pace. You're making it look easy. Making it look easy. We'll talk to you soon. Great to see you. Have a good one. Let me tell you about MongoDB. What's the only thing faster than the AI market? Your business on MongoDB. Don't just build AI, own the data platform that powers it. Our next guest is Kaiwei Tang from Light Phone. He's co-founder and CEO. How you doing?
Kaiwei Tang 1:03:37 ↗
Hey, all right. Thanks for having me.
John Coogan 1:03:39 ↗
Welcome to the show.
We were debating this earlier. So first let's start with an introduction and then I have a bunch of questions about the correct terminology for this category.
Kaiwei Tang 1:03:52 ↗
A lot of people call it dumb phone, but I call it simple phone.
John Coogan 1:03:55 ↗
Okay. So you don't like the term dumb phone.
Kaiwei Tang 1:03:58 ↗
Yeah. I mean, you know, your phone gets smarter, you actually get dumber. So we, you know, the phone, the phone need to do, the tool need to do what the tool does for us, like hammer, screwdriver, right? It does that for you and you put it back. If you don't swipe your hammer for 5 hours so the hammer company can make money. So that's exactly how we design Light and all the tools inside the Light Phone.
John Coogan 1:04:20 ↗
Okay. So a minimalist flip phone is the newest product. Talk us through the evolution. How do you measure demand? Why flip phone? It's very nostalgic. I love the idea. But what was the broader thesis?
Kaiwei Tang 1:04:35 ↗
Yeah, I mean, we've been doing this for 10 years. I think back in 2015, we were in the incubator that Google created for designers. And through talking to a lot of VCs and successful entrepreneurs, especially app entrepreneurs, we realized that everyone's bragging about how much time and attention they get from their users. That's why they're successful. They could categorize, you know, analyze the data and sell the data to the highest bidder. That's the whole attention surveillance economy. And I just don't like that. I don't want to see advertisement. I don't want to know. I don't want people to know where I am 24/7. But I love technology. I want modern technology without the surveillance attention economy built in. So what we're trying to do is offering a device that has all the modern utility tools but without that business model built in to maximize your attention. So you could call somebody, text somebody, get a direction home, listen to music, take notes, you know, QR code reader, but no one's trying to maximize your attention so they can make money. Same idea, like we're not trying to ask people to give up technology. We're trying to say, hey, we all have different shoes, different car, different jacket, right? You could use different tool at a different scenario, right tool for the time. And that's the essential idea of Light. Be intentional about your time. Don't waste it on social media. When was the last time you or anyone else spent 3 hours swiping TikTok and you snap out of it? I feel so good about myself.
John Coogan 1:06:12 ↗
Every day. Maybe I'm on the internet 3 hours every day. But yes, I am the exception to the rule. I am the screen time. How does... so assume the people listening are with Verizon or an AT&T or maybe another carrier. For the Light Phone, do you have to get basically an entirely separate number? Is there a way to use the same number?
Is this something where, I mean, I think it's maybe Chris Williamson talks about this, like the cocaine phone and the vegetable phone or something like that. They will have one phone with all of the crazy apps on them and then one that's like essentially a work phone. And when they carry that phone, it's like a brick. There's a whole bunch of different trends. But can you actually run like a single number with two phones?
Kaiwei Tang 1:07:00 ↗
Yeah. I mean, that's healthy, right? We always need a balance. There's different ways to do that. You could turn on call forwarding. You could physically remove your SIM card from your smartphone and put it into your Light Phone. You could also utilize a service like T-Mobile Digits that give you two SIM cards that tie to one number.
John Coogan 1:07:22 ↗
Oh, interesting.
Kaiwei Tang 1:07:22 ↗
So different ways to utilize Light as a secondary phone or primary device, but we're actually seeing more of our customers using Light as their primary device now, especially younger generation. I was in an event in New York that a group of young people that promoting real life experience and the performers in front in the stage and there was a woman in the crowd like taking out her smartphone and try to record the performance and everyone's booing her. You know, I think this is no longer short term, not a retro feeling that oh just temporary feeling good about retro technology. I think this movement started by the young people, the Gen Z or younger, is here to stay. As the AI, as this, you know, 5G iPhone 15 keep getting bigger and bigger, I think the other side of the movement is going to get bigger and bigger too. And we're trying to give people options so I can opt out.
John Coogan 1:08:23 ↗
What would it take to add Instagram Reels or maybe even like prediction markets? Maybe you could make it discounted if people commit to doing prediction markets enough on preload 10K. The phone is free as long as you're trading sort of a gambling phone, $5,000 a month. No, but pay a phone. More seriously. How are you thinking about AI features? Because I imagine there's this tension between AI does give you the potential to interact with your devices in new ways, right? It's cool to be able to dictate to your devices. That's gaining a lot of popularity right now, maybe later than a lot of people would have expected. But then on the other side, I can imagine that a lot of your core users to date hate AI and they're trying to get away from it. Yeah. So how do you kind of thread the needle there?
Kaiwei Tang 1:09:27 ↗
Yeah. I mean, I always said that, you know, AI is a tool. It's a software program that's very helpful and we should treat it as such. Meaning that when we started Light, it's not because there's a new technology being invented. So we design product for that, right? We design product because we're seeing people frustrated, anxious, stressed out, not happy with the smartphone, social media, but there's no way out. I think the same logic applied to AI or this program, this tool, it can be really useful. It can be helpful as long as it saves my time. So it frees up my time to do things important to me and make me happy. I think that's a good outcome. However, you guys probably know like with AI tool, more people work more hours. You've been notified all the time with the things happening. So I think treating this particular technology as one of your tools and design and use accordingly is the way to go. And we're not anti-AI per se, but we do see the sentiments among young people towards, you know, everything AI, the big cap push on AI. The discrepancy, the gap is getting bigger every day as I witnessed it. You know, going to tech conference, the potential of AI is being praised. You go into this real life experience that young people started, let's club, they don't care about AI. We've been interviewing flip phone users and the new product we created called Light Flip, the flip phone that we just announced today. We've been interviewing different flip phone users for the last six months. The one thing they never bring up is AI feature. No one wants an AI button on their phone. I mean, I have no doubt it's very helpful. I have no question that it can be the future technology that saves our time to do things for us and we can move on quickly. But I just don't think it's being designed as such at the moment.
John Coogan 1:11:28 ↗
Take us through the business side, the business model, the customer acquisition funnel. This is a product that I feel like it generally generates a lot of organic earned media. It's fun talking to you about this and all the knock-on effects of phone use. I imagine every product reviewer reviews it. Like there's probably a decent amount of attention that effectively comes for free in this category. But what does the actual scaling of the business look like? Are you doing like direct response ads on Instagram Reels to get people to uninstall? Are you Ed Markey's worst nightmare?
Kaiwei Tang 1:12:09 ↗
No. So as a matter of fact, we don't utilize advertisement. We don't pay social media to promote Light. So the last 10 years, all our growth are organic from word of mouth, from press, from celebrities that using Light, including Aaron Paul from Breaking Bad, Pete Davidson, Ed Sheeran from UK. We got a lot of people that resonating with what we're trying to do and support it and spread the word of Light. So the last 10 years we grow, you know, every year 20% to 50% without any advertisement. I guess I think it's only human that this resonates with a lot of people.
John Coogan 1:12:50 ↗
Yeah.
Talk about the decision to include podcasts. I know some people that are addicted to both making and consuming podcasts.
Kaiwei Tang 1:13:05 ↗
That's a tough one. I think every tool that we designed follow the same principle. I can summarize into three principles. Number one, no advertisement. Number two, every action a user take is a click.
John Coogan 1:13:18 ↗
We have ads in our... but we have... what about ads in podcasts?
Kaiwei Tang 1:13:21 ↗
Yeah, we got... we...
John Coogan 1:13:23 ↗
That's how you get in front of the Light Phone users is you got to just advertise from podcast natively. Here we go.
Kaiwei Tang 1:13:31 ↗
Well, so similar to how we design music tool, right? Like it's not a Spotify. We designed it as an MP3 player that you intentionally create a playlist for you to calm down, for you to be creative, for you to get into certain mood using that tool as the tool. Spotify, Spotify podcast, I'm sorry, podcast the same way we see it as an educational tool, but I get it, like loophole might be advertisement in the podcast which we cannot control.
John Coogan 1:13:57 ↗
But I like the idea of an old school MP3 player. There's something very satisfying about actually curating an intentional playlist, loading it up for a different moment. Like it is, yeah, it's a special, special moment.
Kaiwei Tang 1:14:10 ↗
Well, everything intentional make things special, right? Everything that you intentionally doing make that experience special. The object designed for one purpose make it special too.
John Coogan 1:14:20 ↗
Yeah.
How do you think about what does success look like for Light Phone? Like is a million people globally that use and love their Light Phone and get a new one every year when you make it newer, faster, lighter, longer battery life?
Kaiwei Tang 1:14:38 ↗
No planned obsolescence is not something that we're interested in. Like the last 11 years we introduced three phones, and Light 2, we still have users using them. We're still selling them. It's been six years. We stand behind our product. We upgrade the software. We upgrade... I'm sorry, we repair Light Phone locally here in Brooklyn. And that's what we're going to do. We're not asking people to buy a new phone every year. There's no need. There's no reason to buy a new phone every year. Like when's the last time you upgraded your hammer?
John Coogan 1:15:11 ↗
Camera.
Kaiwei Tang 1:15:12 ↗
Hammer.
John Coogan 1:15:13 ↗
Oh, hammer.
Kaiwei Tang 1:15:14 ↗
Hammer.
John Coogan 1:15:14 ↗
Well, we have to do it. We actually, we have a gong mallet that we upgrade a lot. But yes, I take your point. It is a tool. I like that.
Kaiwei Tang 1:15:22 ↗
Don't do... hit it.
John Coogan 1:15:26 ↗
We're pretty rough on our gongs.
Kaiwei Tang 1:15:29 ↗
Yeah. So, we got to upgrade them a lot. But for the average person, when is the last time you upgraded a hammer?
John Coogan 1:15:33 ↗
No, it's a great... it's a great... it's a great point. Well, congratulations on the... and yeah, I was just asking that because I feel like phones are somewhat like cigarettes in that people know that they're bad, but they're just so good in some ways for some people at some times. But I was going to say even if you have a million people that are just like, you know, true believers that are willing to make certain sacrifices in terms of some features and things like that, you could still have a really thriving business. And it feels like, you know, it's not a billion users or bust here.
Kaiwei Tang 1:16:19 ↗
Yeah. 28% of Gen Z are strongly interested in acquiring a non-smartphone. 26% of millennials interested in getting a non-smartphone. 12% of Gen X interested in getting a non-smartphone.
John Coogan 1:16:34 ↗
Gen X...
Kaiwei Tang 1:16:37 ↗
This trend is not going to stop.
John Coogan 1:16:39 ↗
Yeah.
Kaiwei Tang 1:16:39 ↗
Yeah. This is going to get bigger and bigger.
John Coogan 1:16:44 ↗
Well, thank you so much for coming on the show. Congratulations on your launch of the lightphone.com. You can go and pre-order one. It's available for pre-order and the Light Flip is shipping April 2027. Thank you for coming on the show. Talk to you soon. Have a good day.
Kaiwei Tang 1:16:58 ↗
Cheers.
John Coogan 1:16:59 ↗
Goodbye. Let me tell you about CrowdStrike. Your business is AI, their business is securing it. CrowdStrike secures AI and stops breaches. Our next guest is the best. We got Chris Best, the founder and CEO of Substack. Welcome to the show, Chris. How are you doing?
Chris Best 1:17:16 ↗
I'm doing good, man. Thanks for having me.
John Coogan 1:17:18 ↗
The great slop wars...
Chris Best 1:17:20 ↗
Yes.
John Coogan 1:17:20 ↗
...have entered a new era.
Chris Best 1:17:23 ↗
It's not just nice to talk to you. It is amazing.
John Coogan 1:17:26 ↗
It is the best. It is the best to talk to you. Tell us about the slop problem on Substack. What is the shape of the problem? What motivated this? Take us through the new product. What's the state of the union in the slopfest?
Chris Best 1:17:40 ↗
In the trough. The state of the trough.
John Coogan 1:17:42 ↗
The state of the trough.
Chris Best 1:17:43 ↗
I mean, the place I started with this, I've had the experience that I think a lot of us have had, not on Substack, but just on the internet in general. I'm scrolling the timeline, I'm reading stuff and sometimes I just have this experience where I'm reading something. Sometimes it's by someone that I think I know. Sometimes it's something and I have this kind of Invasion of the Body Snatchers experience where you realize you're sort of reading something that was actually just pure slop.
John Coogan 1:18:09 ↗
Yeah.
Chris Best 1:18:10 ↗
Purely generated.
John Coogan 1:18:11 ↗
Yep.
Chris Best 1:18:11 ↗
And it's kind of, you know, it makes the experience reading on the internet worse because you're constantly wondering. You constantly have to wonder, is this real? Am I actually reading something this person believes in or, you know, did Brian Chesky get hacked or whatever is going on? And so I've been feeling this. A lot of the people I know who spend time online have been feeling this. And then the guys at Pangram did this study because they've been running this browser extension, right, where they have their own browser extension you can install and you can just have stuff labeled.
John Coogan 1:18:40 ↗
Yeah.
Chris Best 1:18:41 ↗
And they studied different platforms and they found that on some platforms like I think LinkedIn, 40% of the long-form text is generated by AI.
John Coogan 1:18:52 ↗
And you know, in my view, it's not the case that all is necessarily...
Chris Best 1:18:55 ↗
90, but...
John Coogan 1:18:58 ↗
Yeah, it's going back...
Chris Best 1:19:00 ↗
40 is a lot.
John Coogan 1:19:01 ↗
Well, I mean, you know, a good point here is not all slop is AI. You know, LinkedIn, even pre-AI had a lot of stuff on there that's, you know, maybe not the best, pretty sloppy sometimes, depending on your perspective. I mean, some people like it. That's fine.
Chris Best 1:19:15 ↗
And I think, you know, they had Substack coming in about 10%. I started looking at this. I started thinking about this and to my mind, the problem is not people using AI. The problem is when you have kind of the deception that comes with I'm expecting that I've got a real connection to a person and I'm actually reading something that's written by no one.
John Coogan 1:19:39 ↗
This photo is my experience when I realize I'm reading AI text.
Chris Best 1:19:45 ↗
Yeah.
John Coogan 1:19:45 ↗
This is the moment you realize.
Chris Best 1:19:47 ↗
And the moment you realize, that's when I think of this as cloud fishing.
John Coogan 1:19:50 ↗
Yeah. Yeah.
Chris Best 1:19:51 ↗
Right. It's about the violation of expectation. And it's the fact that you realize and then you're like, 'Oh, this changes the experience that I think I'm having.' And it's...
John Coogan 1:19:58 ↗
I'm not against reading AI text. I read AI text all the time.
Chris Best 1:20:01 ↗
Yeah. Yeah.
John Coogan 1:20:02 ↗
When there were those rumors that OpenAI was thinking about a social network and it was still really, really early, I was like, I would love to be able to subscribe to a feed of Tyler Cowen's deep research reports because I know he's using these tools. I know he's coming up with really interesting and creative prompts, probably asking about like what's the food like in this random town internationally. And like I would like to learn what he's learning. But the whole premise of that would be that I'm just getting a link to chatgpt.com. And people do share these around, but we haven't really, because we're not in like the link sharing world, people haven't actually coalesced around like, yeah, I'm just going to share you a link to my deep research report. But sometimes that would be better than you copy and pasted and you forgot to put the 'is there anything else you'd like me to help you with' or whatever.
Chris Best 1:20:51 ↗
Or you left it in, then you get these sales emails that leak the prompt to you.
John Coogan 1:20:54 ↗
Yeah. And so I can imagine that there's probably a really banger Substack out there where the journalist or the writer is going to say, 'Look, I'm going to go find an interesting fact or I'm going to give you a roundup and I'm going to do the work of prompting and fact-checking and making sure that this AI-instantiated newsletter is high quality and high quality.'
Chris Best 1:21:17 ↗
The example that I always give is like if Alex Heath...
John Coogan 1:21:22 ↗
Yeah. Was using AI.
Chris Best 1:21:23 ↗
He uses AI often. Yeah. All the time.
John Coogan 1:21:25 ↗
He's talked about it. But like Alex Heath using AI, I'm like, great. I'm not subscribing for the writing. I'm...
Subscribing for information, the facts that he's finding, plus the takes and his point of view on that. And if he just rambles β€” if he finds the facts and then does dictation and just kind of rambles for 10 minutes, turns it into something that is, you know, short and...
Chris Best 1:21:53 ↗
Yeah. But the disclosure is important.
John Coogan 1:21:56 ↗
Right. Yeah. The way you can tell that's good is because the disclosure wouldn't ruin it for you.
Chris Best 1:21:59 ↗
Totally. And we have all takes on the platform. We have everybody from, you know, Sam β€” Chris wrote a piece recently that said, 'If you let AI do your writing, I will come to your house and kill you.' Death threat. You wouldn't be able to tell. I can tell. And then, you know, we have people that are doing the thing you're suggesting, that are using these tools. Slop is not something made with AI. Slop is something that nobody believes in that you didn't actually care about. Right? If you just go and say, 'Hey, write me a thousand viral LinkedIn posts, make no mistakes,' that's slop. If you're doing this deep thing where you're going back and forth and you're doing it β€” I talked to a bunch of people who do this on the platform and they're worried about slop because in a world where you get a bunch of things that are like low-effort or zero-authorship stuff masquerading as somebody's careful work, it drowns out the actual careful stuff. Like you can have a platform where the good, high-effort, thoughtful things get out-competed by people just spamming the zone with stuff.
John Coogan 1:22:56 ↗
And I just think that's going to be β€” I think that's already a real problem on some platforms. It's not a huge problem on Substack yet, but we kind of want to make sure that we're just keeping the bar high and giving the people who are making stuff they believe in the chance to win. Have you seen any generational divide between how publishing AI writing is perceived? Because there's been a number of VCs, at least over on X, that are maybe in the back half of their career, where they'll just publish an essay that is incredibly obvious β€” they maybe had a couple key ideas that they gave the model and then they just took the output and published it. And they'll usually get kind of dunked on. But it seems as though the author was not necessarily even aware that there's a negative perception or that it's maybe obvious to other people. Have you seen a divide at all, or is it just sort of random?
Chris Best 1:24:04 ↗
I think we're in a period where there's like new norms that are getting figured out. It's not clear what the rules and expectations are. And there are people that have wildly different ideas of what good is. I don't think it's purely generational. I think there's people on all camps. To me, I think that anti-slop is a pro-AI stance. Right? You don't see Sam Altman or Dario Amodei doing these like Claude-posting things, and it's not because they don't believe in AI. So I don't think that it's an anti β€” I think you can be incredibly in favor of maximally using AI to do research and be even a thought partner and edit your work and help you think of even new ideas to include. But it's about ultimately creating something that's worth people's time, right? That they couldn't have just gotten by asking the same question to the same model, at least in my view. Claude is great, but if I want to talk to Claude, I can just talk to Claude. And if I'm reading you, it's because there's something else.
John Coogan 1:25:15 ↗
I mean, another way to look at this β€” you know, you gave the example of what if Alex Heath were making this really thoughtful thing. I would love that. I think everybody has an example of something where they're definitely cool with it. Everybody's talking to AI. It's valuable. On the other end of the spectrum, do you remember the guy when OpenClaw was at its fervor that was famous for having the bot text his wife? He was like answering his wife's texts. And I think almost everyone can look at that and be like, 'Okay, that's probably not legit.' And then there's a whole bunch of stuff on the internet that kind of falls in the spectrum between a thorough research report with AI pros all the way to not having to answer my wife's texts. Like if I'm going back and forth in the comments with you, what's the expectation? If you're writing a piece, what's the expectation? Is it different if you're writing a personal story versus a...
Chris Best 1:26:01 ↗
I think these things are all like new norms that will have to get created. I don't think we at Substack have all the answers. And so this is why we're leaning as a first step. We're like, 'Hey, let's just have some transparency. Let's make it so that readers can scan this text if they want and have that information and form their own judgment.'
John Coogan 1:26:17 ↗
How do you think writing is changing for writers who don't use AI? I've noticed personally β€” I've been writing video essays in the pre-Chib era. Then all the models were not really great for a while. Then I started doing daily essays on Substack. Got accused of using AI even though I wasn't. Sometimes we would pass them through AI to just fact-check and grammar-correct, and then that gave it the AI flavor. And so I made the decision with the team to just not proofread them, basically. And so I will often be doing research in a bunch of different AI tabs and collect information, but then I'll go and just complete stream-of-consciousness, nonsense grammar, all these weird twists of phrases, like I'm just speaking out loud. And I think it's remained like β€” I'm getting less and less AI accusations, I guess, even though I'm just writing daily. I think you're going to get accused of using AI because it's so obvious that you would save a lot of time by not actually going and doing the work. But I'm wondering if you think that that is just a unique thing to me or if that was...
Chris Best 1:27:36 ↗
Well, it's not even just a problem with writing. I've noticed on YouTube there's creators that I used to love that would make like history or geopolitical content or just weird niche content, even car content. And now I have that same experience of ripping the headphones off because I realize that somebody that used to put all this energy into writing these great scripts and telling these stories β€” you just start hearing the Claude-isms in the video. And even though they're just making an output, making a script and then reading it, it's still coming through and you can still tell that they didn't put craft into it. And so I've seen on YouTube there's creators that are just like in the description or even in the introduction of the video saying, 'And to be clear, I don't use any AI in my videos.' And again, even as somebody who's very pro-AI, I find myself β€” I feel a little bit comforted hearing that because of all the bad experiences where I've gotten three minutes into a video and realize, okay, this person is just reading a script that was a one-prompt.
Yeah, and we added this to the feature we launched too. So if you're writing something on a subject, you can set a 'how I make this' statement where if somebody's scanning your thing, it can say, 'Hey, I never use it,' or 'Hey, I use it in this way,' or even, 'Hey, I use it extensively, but here's the perspective I'm bringing, here's what you can get from me.' And I think this is true no matter how β€” it gets more true as AI gets more powerful. Right? One critique is, 'Oh, I don't like it because it's bad, because it's like a Claude-ism or because it's just detectable.' But I actually think the underlying thing is, am I getting a human perspective here? And the more powerful the AI becomes, the more important it is to know that, because if I'm not β€” it might still be great, but again, it's like if I want to talk to Claude, I can talk to Claude. The question is, what human believes in, stands behind, has the perspective that I'm spending my time and energy ingesting?
John Coogan 1:29:37 ↗
Yeah. The other thing with Substack is like you're paying for a media product when you subscribe to someone, but you're also paying to, in many cases at least personally, allow somebody to pursue a life's work. And that to me is like part of the social contract that you have when you subscribe to someone, which is like, you know, I am in a small way β€” I might be one of 10,000 people, but I'm allowing you to ditch your job and just pursue an understanding of this industry or this market or whatever. And so that's also like, you know, if somebody just decides one day, 'Okay, I'm kind of done with this whole independent writing thing, I'm just gonna slop it up for as long as I can,' and people will churn. But, you know, that would be a violation, at least in my view. Do you think your recommender system will naturally sort audiences into what they like? So if there's someone who's subscribing to more AI-generated Substacks, they would get recommended into that and they would be satisfied with that. Is there going to be like a barbell effect here where you imagine there's like power-law creators who use no AI, power-law creators who use all AI?
Chris Best 1:30:58 ↗
I think there will be some of that, and I think these tastes will change over time. But something I've noticed in myself and in people I talk to about this is a lot of these things are kind of an acquired distaste, right? It's something where a few years ago maybe I wouldn't even recognize this as being different. And now I sort of have that skin-crawling feeling. I think more people β€” not everybody has developed that already β€” but I think more people will develop it than have today. But then look, I think ultimately, our perspective on this: we're pro-freedom. We're not sitting here telling you what tools you can and can't use. We're not sitting here telling you what you can and can't read. As long as you're making the decision, as your best self, what do I value? What do I want to spend my time and money on? We're happy with that. We want to help people do that. And so if there are places where people are paying for AI stuff and it's the stuff that they want, we think that's great. As long as people are doing it with their eyes open, they know what they're getting.
John Coogan 1:31:53 ↗
Yeah. It's funny how I would certainly pay $5 a month to just get a feed of Tyler Cowen's ChatGPT prompts, right? Because I would just be interested to follow β€” I would just be interested to sort of passively learn about. And I'm surprised no one has figured out a way to create that kind of product yet. What do you think β€” is there an AI writing product that is overtly AI that's actually been a massive breakout hit and that they've fully disclosed that this is AI-generated, but it still works? Any that you're aware of? Like somebody that made a Substack and it's like, 'Hey, this is $5 a month and I'm just going to give you breaking news and analysis on these types of topics and it's all AI-generated.' Has anyone built a real equivalent? Would be like Demon Flying Fox on YouTube β€” he's the one that did the Harry Potter Balenciaga. He is like an AI-first video creator. It's very clearly disclosed. There's a number of Instagram accounts where the whole thing is imagined AI futures and they are creators but they openly use AI. I'm wondering if there's a version of that for text or Substack.
Chris Best 1:33:14 ↗
That definitely exists, and that's a thing that I believe in, right? The idea of an AI-powered creator. The way I think of this is like AI gives you superpowers and it just also gives you new ways to be annoying on the internet. But if you're β€” the A in AGI is not supposed to stand for annoying. But like, okay, if you're saying, 'I have this perspective and I'm using these tools' β€” I think that Harry Potter Balenciaga thing is genius. It's genius and I don't care that they used an AI tool to make it. In fact, it's great. It's a new way to express the thing. And we actually β€” there is a bunch of that on Substack. There are people who are doing analysis, people who are sometimes writing things in other languages. There's people that are writing in English β€” it's not their first language β€” but they have some important analysis or they're doing some deep research or they have some perspective and the final prose is generated, but they're transparent about that. I think that is great. The deeper question to me is, do you actually have to have a human artist behind the thing? Like if instead of 'I've used AI tools,' if you're kind of doing the thing of like, 'Hey, generate 10,000 viral posts, make no mistakes,' or 'generate 10,000 viral bots that each do 10,000 viral posts, make no mistakes.' And my view is like that may be compelling, but that's not going to be valuable over time because there's going to be no differentiation. It's the thing of like, yeah, talking to Claude is great, but I can talk to Claude if I want to talk to Claude.
John Coogan 1:34:39 ↗
That makes sense. Do you know of any historical comps to this conundrum that we're in as citizens of the internet? Like, was there a period where authors weren't real authors if they used a typewriter? You had to write it with a pen or it was frowned upon. Or is this just a novel experience? I found when I was looking for the art for the announcement post I did, I found a reverse example from history β€” reverse claw-fishing β€” which was the Mechanical Turk. Do you guys know the story? It was supposed to be a robot that plays chess. And so it was supposed to be like a magic, strong chess-playing AI, but the trick was there was actually a chess master kind of hiding in the bottom controlling it. Just sort of β€” it's the reverse of having that realization of 'you're absolutely right' while you're reading something.
Chris Best 1:35:33 ↗
Yeah. That's great. Well, congratulations on the launch. It seems like it's going really well and we're huge fans of Pangram and the team over there. So, those guys are great. They're the best detector. We're proud.
John Coogan 1:35:45 ↗
We really are. Yeah. What a great β€” in two more minutes before you leave, what can people expect out of Substack for the rest of the year? Like, are you β€” yeah. How's the business doing in the age of AI broadly? Like there's a narrative where it's like, oh, people would just talk to the AIs to get information, they're going to spend no time on Substack. And then there's another one which is like you'll be 10 times more efficient because all your software engineering can be automated. Like, how is the business actually changing?
Chris Best 1:36:11 ↗
Business is doing well. We're growing. You know, the way I think about this is I think as you get sort of plentiful β€” you can get anything from the AI, you can get any content. You have infinite things that you can spend your time on. The value of the trusted human connection and perspective goes up. And as long as we can have the platform reward that, as long as you feel like, hey, you know, even if you're reading Tyler Cowen's prompts, the fact that you have some idea of Tyler Cowen as a person and have invested some faith and trust in him is a fundamentally valuable piece in this new world. And we actually think this is β€” again, it's like if you take a pro-AI stance, you can also have a pro-human culture stance that thinks that we're going to be able to make that even more valuable.
John Coogan 1:37:04 ↗
Yeah, that's very cool. Well, congratulations. Thank you so much for coming on the show. Great to see you. Always fun. We'll see you soon. Cheers. Let me tell you about Console. Console builds AI agents that automate 70% of IT, HR, and finance support, giving employees instant resolution for access requests and password resets. Our next guest is here with us in the TBPN Ultradome live. How you doing, Stephen? Welcome to the show. Stephen, this is co-founder and CEO of Blob. How are things going with...
Steven Schwartz 1:37:30 ↗
Things are going great with Blob. Thank you guys for having me here. This is super cool. Yeah, it's a crazy time for the whole world right now. And I think a lot of the work we've been doing over the last several years is now coming to light in a way where there's a bunch of themes converging. And you have, I mean, you have all in conjunction with AI, you have a lot of people trying to figure out what they're going to do for work, what they're going to do with their jobs. You have an existential question of how to get value accrual by spending money on tokens. And I think a lot of the infrastructure we've built is trying to answer a lot of that. So things are going well and it's exciting times.
John Coogan 1:38:10 ↗
At its best, you're bringing like small-scale entrepreneurial opportunities to people at a very, very broad basis.
Steven Schwartz 1:38:17 ↗
I think that's one way to look at it. I mean, we grew up, my co-founders and I, building businesses on the internet, piecing together a ton of different platforms. And at times we'd have like three or four businesses running at once and we were always the weird ones. And now it's pretty normal. And I think we are trying to build a platform that if we could go back in time, we would be addicted to as a 15-year-old. And I think that technology is there now where there's virtually no excuse to not have a really awesome income stream, especially from starting a business. And yeah, so I would say it's pretty cool because...
John Coogan 1:38:58 ↗
I want your reaction to this take from Aporeia about Gen Z entrepreneurship. They say Gen Z entrepreneurship increasingly looks like running a portfolio of asymmetric coups rather than betting on one serious long-term project. They go on to explain that half the people I meet at beach clubs in Saint-Tropez and Marbella are doing exactly this. One year it's crypto, then an Amazon brand, then an AI lead-gen agency, then solar panels or some subsidized renovation. And this was the interesting line: 'I used to think this was unserious entrepreneurship, but some of them have become genuinely good at it. Their real business isn't crypto, AI, or solar panels. It's being early.'
Steven Schwartz 1:39:41 ↗
That's one of my favorite takes I've heard in a long time. And I think the reality is the businesses are getting so ephemeral that one week it's a jewelry store. The next week it's an education program teaching people how to use a new AI tool. The next week it's a UGC marketplace, and then the next week it's an agency that's selling data to labs. So the amount of trends that people are tapping into to start businesses is through the roof. And when that happens, you do get what resembles a portfolio almost. Imagine like a crypto portfolio β€” and if you look at our new homepage, it actually looks like a crypto portfolio, but they're not tokens, they're businesses, and it's completely up to you to drive the business income up. And we try to figure out ways to tell you exactly what to do next in order to do that. So I think that's fantastic β€” it does feel like an exchange. And yeah.
John Coogan 1:40:32 ↗
If you were able to talk to the β€” you know, take you today and you have the younger version of yourself, what advice would you be giving on like where to start trying to make money on the internet?
Steven Schwartz 1:40:48 ↗
I would simply look at what is working on the internet today and copy it. And I think...
John Coogan 1:40:55 ↗
So, when you were getting your start, it was trading sneakers and maybe having some bot tracking Supreme drops. Like, what was it then and what is actually happening now?
Steven Schwartz 1:41:10 ↗
Well, I think your question is interesting because you said if they want to make money, that's one thing. And I think when we were building businesses, it was never really for the money. My co-founder Cameron dropped out of high school at 15 years old and had virtually unlimited money for a 15, 16-year-old. I think the only thing he bought was a Tesla, and other than that he would be wearing flip-flops and a t-shirt and be working all day. And it was never really about the money, quote, exactly. It was always about, we have a hoodie, building cool stuff with your friends. And I think that is much more the spirit that we get excited about. And in many ways we want to make it actually not about the money and take money out of the equation so we don't have to worry about money. But there's like the advice I'd give to a young...
John Coogan 1:41:53 ↗
That's sort of the unique luxury of being a teenager, where it's like if you hit it out of the park and make $5,000, you feel like the king of the castle.
Steven Schwartz 1:42:03 ↗
Yeah. Totally. It goes a long way and you have a lot of time and you just have nothing else to do other than to experiment with different businesses. And it's after roadblocks, what are all the kids supposed to do? And I think that's how we approach it β€” trying to build a very gamified arcade version of entrepreneurship and pursuit of building products for other people.
John Coogan 1:42:20 ↗
Talk about looking at what works and what's making money on the internet, because I feel like there are layers to that onion. Sometimes by the time I'm seeing Instagram reels of somebody driving a supercar and they say they made their money on Facebook ads, like the Facebook ad arbitrage might have closed and that person might now be selling a course to get you to sell a course to then sell Facebook ads. There are like four levels of abstraction. What is the correct way for young people to actually go and find the real opportunities and not the things that have been abstracted into LARPs at this point?
Steven Schwartz 1:43:01 ↗
Yeah. Well, I think the infrastructure in every single one of those businesses is always the same. So when you go and experiment with one business and then you go to the next one, a lot of that carries over. And I mean, what I would suggest is we try to do a very good job on Wob showing which businesses are actually working really well and which models are working really well. So my advice would be to go do that. But I think it's ultimately just try to experiment as much as you possibly can and don't feel like you're wasting a lot of time because the only real risk is not doing anything. And my probably overarching advice to young people would be just to try things out and see what happens and f*** around and find out, if you will, a little bit. So I think that's the spirit of where we are now in businesses and how ephemeral everything's getting and how much experimentation you see when you open your Twitter feed. And that's a good thing. It floods the market with competition. It floods the market with people that are trying to differentiate ever so slightly from the prior iteration, and that ultimately brings a lot more value to end consumers and makes everything cheaper and makes everybody a little bit more money. So I think that's a pretty good thing.
John Coogan 1:44:08 ↗
Talk about the CLI.
Steven Schwartz 1:44:11 ↗
Finally, we have a CLI. Yeah. So...
John Coogan 1:44:14 ↗
Why is that important? Websites are pretty good. APIs work in many ways. What's the point of the CLI?
Steven Schwartz 1:44:20 ↗
I think people have historically found Wob to be relatively confusing of a concept. And I think the reason for that is because the UX that we've built...
John Coogan 1:44:29 ↗
Made me feel like a boomer. I was on there trying to spin up content rewards back in the day, very early with the show, and I was like, I feel old.
Steven Schwartz 1:44:42 ↗
Yeah. I think the UX we've built has never really caught up to the API we've built. And I think that we're a very fundamentally API-first company. We have a very engineering-heavy team, and that results in a fantastic API that has β€” I mean, when you look at the functionality that our API supports, it is literally every single thing that you could possibly need to programmatically run a business. That's payment acceptance, it's ad creation, it's money movement. You can even find people in the real world to do labor for you, clipping and whatnot, all via the API. That is very difficult to build a UX around. Very, very difficult. And the CLI allows all that functionality to be brought into your terminal and to be called again from any agent via API, and that results in a way better experience. So this CLI is very cool because you can, yeah...
John Coogan 1:45:32 ↗
Hypothetically, if the three of us start a hair care business together, since we all have wild hair β€” there are a number of steps that I'm going to take to promote my business. The classic one that I would go to Wob for might be clipping. I might film a whole bunch of content. You film some videos about your hair care routine. All of a sudden, we have an idea of a business. I like it. It's style. And we want to take that to social media. So we want to engage with Wob broadly. Now, I could use an AI agent to interact with the API, the CLI. Does that just make it easier if I'm doing the programming, or is there a world where I'm actually finding a programmer on Wob to help me with that side of the distribution?
Steven Schwartz 1:46:15 ↗
So the old adage is that ideas are easy and execution's hard. And we're seeing that be flipped on its face in real time. And I think what we actually prefer is that β€” you know, there's a saying also like every business begins with a secret. And a lot of times the secret lies in the execution, but we want the secret to be all about the idea. So we want the extent of that launch to basically be: we want to start a haircut business for tech people with crazy hair. Okay. And that's the whole business, and every other part of the execution is handled. And that is a way better world than what it is today, where you actually have to think through everything from even making content, the developer β€” that's all semantics. It shouldn't even be a conversation. So that's what you get of the CLI. I mean, you can literally go to this Wob CLI today, say, 'Start a haircut-cutting business that's meant for tech people with crazy hair, get me some customers,' and you could go so far, if it was localized, to say, 'Find me a person to cut the hair,' and the CLI will end-to-end do that via any agent that you want.
John Coogan 1:47:14 ↗
Okay, cool. Yeah. Are the youth hitting it big with SMB AI transformation? So everyone knows the big consulting shops are...
Steven Schwartz 1:47:28 ↗
I just saw a reel about this. It was like, if you want an SF90, go to someone's real estate listing and take photos, turn it into a beautiful website, go sell it to the real estate agent for 500 bucks. Like, go tour a $30 million property that they're trying to sell, but they don't have a nice website for, they're just on MLS. Make a beautiful website, sell it to them for 500 bucks.
John Coogan 1:47:52 ↗
Even back in our day, something like that β€” even when it was easy to build a website, there were still business owners. I remember a friend's parent at one point was like, 'If you can build me a website, I'll give you 500 bucks.' You can just find a template for like 20 bucks.
Steven Schwartz 1:48:09 ↗
But that's time. People don't want to put themselves... Yeah. I mean, that is I'd say what it looks like to find all these hyper-niche markets and call them arbitrages and then capitalize on them, then go to the next one. And there are so many more than anybody can remotely imagine. I mean, I remember when I guess 8, 10 years ago, I was making websites for people and doing that exact tactic. And now it's like you have all the leverage in the world and it's basically limited to your creativity and grit.
John Coogan 1:48:36 ↗
And now you can just go, you can find 10,000 small businesses in your state, let's say, make them a brand new website. Show them the website and say, 'Do you want this? I'll give it to you for 200 bucks.' And I think a lot of them would be like, 'Looks good. I'll send you 200 bucks,' even though you just ripped it with like Codex or whatever agent you're using.
Steven Schwartz 1:48:55 ↗
Totally, totally, totally, totally.
John Coogan 1:48:56 ↗
Talk about ads. Wob ads. What is the shape of that product? How does it fit into everything else?
Steven Schwartz 1:49:01 ↗
Yeah, I don't know if you guys have ever run Meta ads before, but it's a pain in the a**. And it's very difficult to go on and navigate simply the UX of that platform. And that's coming from β€” for us, we grew up running Meta ads to a Shopify store. That's all we did. And when we look at our platform and our merchant base and what people want to accomplish on it and how we believe that the more vertically integrated it is, the easier it's going to be for agents and for users to use it, the next obvious jump was to say, okay, people are earning β€” I mean, now $400, $500 million a month on the platform. And almost all that money is spent on ads. And because of that, why don't we let people programmatically run ads immediately after getting the payment? You don't have to wait any days for it to settle. You get all the data on what's working, can iterate on the fly, and it's not just Meta that you're running ads to, it's actually the whole internet. And that is the ads product that we have available, and it's pretty cool. People like it, and I mean, that's a very, very fast-growing product.
John Coogan 1:50:03 ↗
Take us through your reactions to all the trend pieces about clipping this year.
Steven Schwartz 1:50:10 ↗
Better late than never.

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APA

Coogan, J. (2026, July 21). China China China, Substack & Pangram Fight Slop, Is It Bleak to Lock In, Search Fund Fairy Tale [Interview transcript]. TBPN. CEOInterviews.AI. https://ceointerviews.ai/interview/3002921/

MLA

John Coogan. "China China China, Substack & Pangram Fight Slop, Is It Bleak to Lock In, Search Fund Fairy Tale." TBPN, 21 Jul. 2026. Transcript, CEOInterviews.AI, https://ceointerviews.ai/interview/3002921/.

BibTeX
@misc{coogan2026_3002921,
  author       = {John Coogan},
  title        = {China China China, Substack \& Pangram Fight Slop, Is It Bleak to Lock In, Search Fund Fairy Tale},
  howpublished = {Interview transcript, TBPN. CEOInterviews.AI},
  year         = {2026},
  month        = {jul},
  url          = {https://ceointerviews.ai/interview/3002921/},
  note         = {Speaker-attributed transcript with timestamps}
}