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John Urschel
Assistant Professor of Mathematics; former Baltimore Ravens offensive lineman, MIT

The NFL Lineman Who Became an MIT Math Professor | Better in Person

📅 Sep 08, 2026 Freakonomics Radio Network 31 MIN 23879 VIEWS 426 SEGMENTS · 2 SPEAKERS
John Urschel is what you might call a double unicorn. He was good enough at football to play in the N.F.L., with the Baltimore Ravens. And he was good enough at math to get his Ph.D. from M.I.T. — while playing in the N.F.L.! John tells Stephen Dubner how he squeezed in his M.I.T. coursework during the N.F.L. season. On team flights, he kept the covers of his math books hidden. “It’s a chess book,” he told them. Stephen wants to know how a person ends up world-class at two things so far apart. Also, why did John turn down a call from Stanford? What does he actually love about hitting people?...

What John Urschel said

Written from the verified transcript and checked against it. Every figure links to the moment it was said.

John Urschel, a former Baltimore Ravens offensive lineman and current MIT math professor, discussed his dual careers. He described his childhood in Buffalo, where his father, a thoracic surgeon, and mother, an attorney, fostered his love of math and puzzles. Urschel recounted choosing Penn State over Stanford due to a strong sense of commitment, and his initial belief he had no NFL prospects. He detailed the physical demands of the NFL, including reaching 320 pounds and benching 225 lbs 30 times at the combine. Urschel explained how he pursued his MIT PhD while playing, taking a full course load of three PhD courses without exams and reading textbooks in advance. He credited CTE concerns with providing 'very good cover' for his decision to retire, which he also framed as prioritizing math and family. He estimated only 4% of Americans truly like math, and demonstrated Cantor's diagonal argument. Urschel said he would discourage his daughter from playing football but might allow his son if he had the right disposition.

Key takeaways

  1. Urschel said CTE concerns gave him 'very good cover' for retiring from the NFL, but his decision was also driven by prioritizing math and family over football.
  2. Urschel completed his MIT PhD while playing in the NFL by taking a full course load of three PhD courses without exams and reading the textbooks before each semester.
  3. Urschel estimated that only 4% of Americans truly like math, defining math broadly as a quantitative language for reasoning about problems.
  4. Urschel said he would not want his daughter to play football due to the danger, but would allow his son if he had the right disposition for 'consensual violence.'
  5. Urschel attributed his NFL success to hard work, not athletic talent, saying he is 'not talented' compared to other NFL players.

Numbers and commitments

FigureWhat it refers toTypeAt
320 Peak weight in the NFL metric 8:56
30 times Bench press reps of 225 lbs at the NFL combine metric 10:13
405 Bench press one-rep max in college metric 9:39
4% Share of Americans who truly like math metric 20:40
420 Base salary in first NFL year (in thousands) metric 18:43
34 Urschel's age at the time of the interview metric 29:16

Chapters

  1. 0:00Childhood and early math interest
  2. 4:15College recruitment and Penn State choice
  3. 8:20NFL career and physical demands
  4. 12:55MIT PhD while playing in the NFL
  5. 17:15Retirement decision and CTE concerns
  6. 20:24Definition of math and public perception
  7. 21:58Math lesson on Cantor's diagonal argument
  8. 25:23Family life and views on children playing football
  9. 28:41Reflections on talent, luck, and hard work

Questions asked in this interview

12
  1. 1:14Where did he play football and go to med school?
  2. 2:35Or do you think that's you?
  3. 4:55You don't have it anymore, you're saying?
  4. 6:17And so, when you're in that environment where you can't take — does it feel like you're in a — not like a religious order or the military, but like what does it feel like to be that constricted?
  5. 8:54So what was your peak weight in the NFL?
  6. 9:31And how intense is the workout?
  7. 14:59Yeah, so when are you doing your master's?
  8. 18:04So, you're saying that it gave you cover?
  9. 20:24Okay, let's say a hundred people in America, what share of them would you say probably like math?
  10. 22:36So, what can you show us about Cantor's diagonal?
  11. 26:23How would you feel about either of them playing football?
  12. 29:12Like when you look back at the totality of your life today, what are you, 34, 35?
Host 0:00 ↗
This episode of Better in Person is presented by ChatGPT. Put ChatGPT to work on your most ambitious ideas and projects. Download the new ChatGPT desktop app today.
So, you never opened a math book at the Ravens facility.
John Urschel 0:15 ↗
No. Never.
Host 0:17 ↗
And because you're busy doing football.
John Urschel 0:18 ↗
Well...
Host 0:27 ↗
A lot of us spend our lives trying to find the one big thing we're really good at. John Urschel had a slightly different problem. He turned out to be world-class at two things, two very different things: football and math. One path led to the NFL, the other to MIT. Eventually, he had to make a choice.
John Urschel 0:48 ↗
I am the son of a pretty good college football player.
Host 0:53 ↗
That's your dad.
John Urschel 0:54 ↗
Yes, my dad. Yeah. Who also became a thoracic surgeon. Yes, and not only did he become a thoracic surgeon, while in college, playing college football, he was in medical school. Some of these universities have these programs where, you know, they really accelerate people to med school. You know, you do two years and then straight into med school. He did exactly this.
Host 1:14 ↗
Where did he play football and go to med school?
John Urschel 1:16 ↗
University of Alberta.
Host 1:16 ↗
Oh.
John Urschel 1:17 ↗
Canadian. I'm Canadian. Yeah. So, my mom and dad had me. I was born in Canada.
Host 1:21 ↗
Yeah.
John Urschel 1:21 ↗
They moved to Buffalo for my dad's work. And then eventually, my dad moved back to Canada.
Host 1:28 ↗
Got it. And you stayed in Buffalo with your...
John Urschel 1:30 ↗
Buffalo. But I would visit my dad all the time and, you know, he's working as a thoracic surgeon. He's, you know, a really busy person. He would pick me up. He would take me to the hospital. He would do his rounds. He would let me, like, look around on his computer. And then after he would do his rounds, he would take me to the local Chapters.
Host 1:46 ↗
Yeah.
John Urschel 1:47 ↗
And he would be in the cafe. He would just be working.
Host 1:50 ↗
You're how old at this point?
John Urschel 1:52 ↗
Eight or nine.
Host 1:53 ↗
What are you reading? What are you doing?
John Urschel 1:54 ↗
I'm looking at all different types of books. I'm just sitting and reading books, exploring, and I find myself just mostly hanging out in the math section. And I'm just opening up things and picking up things that I have no business picking up.
Host 2:07 ↗
Did that strike you as unusual?
John Urschel 2:09 ↗
No, it was fun. I don't know, you know, I'm here four or five hours every second Saturday. Like, I am in elementary school, but this is fun.
Host 2:19 ↗
And I know you liked puzzles from the time you were very young.
John Urschel 2:21 ↗
Right, so this is the other section I would spend a lot of time in is the puzzle section.
Host 2:24 ↗
Yeah. You know, we asked you to bring something for show and tell. You brought this book.
John Urschel 2:29 ↗
The Big Book of Tell Me Why. So this is something my mom bought for me or...
Host 2:35 ↗
I noticed there's like a big footprint here and coffee stains there. Is that your mom or your dad? Or do you think that's you?
John Urschel 2:41 ↗
No, so this is because this would go in the trunk. And so, you know...
Host 2:45 ↗
Just so that you'd always have it with you when you're...
John Urschel 2:48 ↗
Well, around, let's say, third grade...
Host 2:50 ↗
Okay.
John Urschel 2:51 ↗
So my mom is working as an attorney.
Host 2:53 ↗
Yeah.
John Urschel 2:54 ↗
And she has a lot of night court. She went to law school very late in life.
Host 2:57 ↗
Yeah.
John Urschel 2:57 ↗
And my grandmother had died the year before. So we're without childcare. So now she's taking me places.
Host 3:03 ↗
Wow.
John Urschel 3:03 ↗
So she has night court, and she doesn't think I'm quite old enough to stay at home. Well, she did leave me at home a bit, but I don't think it went too well.
Host 3:11 ↗
Were you lighting fires, things like that?
John Urschel 3:13 ↗
No, just like a little bit of chaos. Like, you know, maybe like the bathtub gets too full, you know, things like this. And so she would always have this in the trunk. And then she would just sit me in the last row of the courtroom.
Host 3:26 ↗
Yeah.
John Urschel 3:27 ↗
And she would just give me the book. There for hours, I would look at this. Sometimes I would do puzzle books, but this was like the stalwart.
Host 3:32 ↗
Maybe look through the book and tell me a couple things that you recall being intriguing to you.
John Urschel 3:37 ↗
Right. Yes. So chapter five, how things are made.
Host 3:40 ↗
Yeah.
John Urschel 3:41 ↗
And that was one I really liked. A striking one, it must be in here somewhere, is how does a mirror work?
Host 3:46 ↗
Ah.
John Urschel 3:47 ↗
And I mean, I'm sure...
Host 3:48 ↗
How does a mirror work?
John Urschel 3:49 ↗
So it's all about light and reflections and angle of reflection and angle of incidence.
Host 3:55 ↗
And did that feel like math to you as a kid?
John Urschel 3:57 ↗
No, it just felt really cool. I never viewed the things I really liked — this is going to sound very strange — as explicitly math until I got to college.
Host 4:08 ↗
But you loved football.
John Urschel 4:09 ↗
I loved football. And when I was a kid, my dream was to be an offensive lineman in the Big Ten.
Host 4:14 ↗
Wow.
John Urschel 4:15 ↗
Like I grew up watching Jake Long and I wanted to be the left tackle for Michigan.
Because, okay, I played tackle in high school and, you know, there's a star system coming out of high school. I was a two-star recruit. The scale was out of five.
Host 4:29 ↗
Yeah.
John Urschel 4:30 ↗
And so I'm like two out of five. So somehow being an all-Big Ten, All-American offensive lineman at Penn State, this is just like a dream come true.
Host 4:38 ↗
But you chose to go to a football school rather than — you had a chance to go to Stanford, but you'd already committed to Penn State, is that right?
John Urschel 4:45 ↗
Exactly. And at the time...
Host 4:48 ↗
And your mom wanted that.
John Urschel 4:49 ↗
My mom wanted me to go to Stanford. And at the time, I had like this very strong sense of honor. Which...
Host 4:55 ↗
You don't have it anymore, you're saying?
John Urschel 4:58 ↗
I think it was probably misplaced.
Host 4:59 ↗
Mhm.
John Urschel 5:00 ↗
Like I'm not sure it was deserved, but at the time I had this really strong sense of, you know, like...
Host 5:04 ↗
Meaning I've committed to Penn State.
John Urschel 5:05 ↗
Committed to Penn State. I'm sorry, you know, John Harbaugh calls me to come visit Stanford.
Host 5:12 ↗
Yeah.
John Urschel 5:13 ↗
And, you know, for me, I say, you know, I'm sorry, coach. I've already committed to Penn State.
Host 5:18 ↗
Mhm.
John Urschel 5:18 ↗
And he says, oh, that's okay. You can still just come and, you know, see how things are. And I say, no, coach, you know, I've really already committed. I've given my word, like, you know...
Host 5:26 ↗
Paterno was your coach for your first year or two?
John Urschel 5:29 ↗
My first three.
Host 5:29 ↗
First three years. Okay. And then he's gone. And then what's the program like in your fourth year as you're a senior there?
John Urschel 5:36 ↗
Very different.
Host 5:36 ↗
Who's your coach?
John Urschel 5:37 ↗
Bill O'Brien.
Host 5:38 ↗
Right. Okay. Yeah.
John Urschel 5:39 ↗
And so...
Host 5:40 ↗
Turned out to be a really good coach.
John Urschel 5:42 ↗
Turned out to be a really good coach, although he's suffering quite badly at Boston College right now. Although I think it's hard to win there, especially in the current NIL.
Host 5:52 ↗
So, NIL is name, image, likeness, which is the way for college athletes now to get paid, essentially, right? Yeah.
John Urschel 5:59 ↗
I remember when I played, you could not make a dime.
Host 6:02 ↗
You couldn't take a free hamburger.
John Urschel 6:05 ↗
Take a free hamburger. And really at Penn State, they were really honest about this. I mean, Paterno was very, very serious about this. And so, this was legitimate.
Host 6:17 ↗
And so, when you're in that environment where you can't take — does it feel like you're in a — not like a religious order or the military, but like what does it feel like to be that constricted?
John Urschel 6:25 ↗
It's — I mean, it's a touch strict, and I think it was too strict before. I mean, for instance, you know, I was at Penn State and not that I have any complaints about it, but I remember like, you know, my face is on like banners downtown. I'm doing all these things. There's other players whose jerseys — I mean, my jersey didn't sell so well. I'm an offensive lineman. But there are other players whose jerseys are just, you know...
Host 6:51 ↗
Yeah.
John Urschel 6:51 ↗
Everywhere. And, you know, we are not — you're not making a single cent out of — not even like some money towards a 401k or something. You know what I mean? So, name, image, and likeness, objectively a good thing that players can make a little bit of money off of their...
Host 7:10 ↗
Or a lot of money.
John Urschel 7:10 ↗
Or a lot of money.
Host 7:11 ↗
When you started playing at Penn State, let's say, did you think you had a pretty decent chance to make the NFL?
John Urschel 7:16 ↗
No, I thought I had no chance. No chance.
Host 7:18 ↗
When did you start to think you had a chance?
John Urschel 7:20 ↗
My junior year, I'm playing well. I'm an all-Big Ten offensive lineman at the time as a junior. And my coach, you know, sort of meets me after the season, my position coach, and sort of, you know, says, you know, you're coming back another year.
Host 7:36 ↗
Like, please.
John Urschel 7:37 ↗
Not please, but sort of like, I don't want you thinking any crazy stuff. You're coming back another year.
Host 7:41 ↗
Crazy stuff like declaring for the draft.
John Urschel 7:43 ↗
Declaring early. As a joke. Like I don't even want you to think about anything crazy. And to be honest, I wasn't really thinking about the NFL at all.
Host 7:50 ↗
Okay.
John Urschel 7:51 ↗
And so it wasn't until like, you know, this conversation, which was kind of a joke in passing.
Host 7:56 ↗
Like right at the end of the season. Did that give you more confidence then for your final year? The fact that he assumed that you were bound for the NFL?
John Urschel 8:02 ↗
Not confidence, but I would say like this idea that this is something that is about to happen if I want it to happen.
Host 8:11 ↗
Okay.
John Urschel 8:11 ↗
And then he would say things in practice like, you know, oh, they're going to — you know, I do something and he'd say, oh, they're going to love that in the league.
Host 8:18 ↗
[laughter]
John Urschel 8:19 ↗
And I would just say, oh, okay.
Host 8:20 ↗
During his last year at Penn State, Urschel interviewed with nearly all of the NFL's 32 teams. Some teams knew he was a math major and serious student, some didn't. His math talent gave him options outside of football, but when the Baltimore Ravens chose Urschel in the fifth round of the NFL draft, Urschel chose football.
Can I just say, I think most people don't understand that most linemen, offensive and defensive...
John Urschel 8:47 ↗
Yes.
Host 8:47 ↗
It's an arms race. It's a weight race. You have to put on a lot, a lot, a lot of pounds in order to succeed.
John Urschel 8:54 ↗
Yes.
Host 8:54 ↗
So what was your peak weight in the NFL?
John Urschel 8:56 ↗
My heaviest period, there was a time where I was 320.
Host 8:59 ↗
And how were you expected to do that? Just by eating and working out or no?
John Urschel 9:03 ↗
Working out doesn't help you...
Host 9:05 ↗
Well, I mean, what us amateurs are told is that muscle...
John Urschel 9:09 ↗
Yeah.
Host 9:10 ↗
Weighs more.
John Urschel 9:10 ↗
That's true, but somehow, you know, things in the NFL are already so optimized. You know, so...
Host 9:17 ↗
So there's a diminishing return to it?
John Urschel 9:20 ↗
Yes, exactly. So the point is I'm already, you know, let's say in the offseason, I'm already working out, you know, one to two times a day.
Host 9:27 ↗
Okay. An hour to two maybe?
John Urschel 9:29 ↗
Two to three. Yeah, yeah.
Host 9:31 ↗
And how intense is the workout?
John Urschel 9:34 ↗
I'm doing deadlifts, I'm doing squats, I'm doing bench, I'm doing, you know...
Host 9:38 ↗
What could you bench?
John Urschel 9:39 ↗
I don't know. I usually don't max out. Like, so somehow in college, this is something that happens, you know, a lot. You try to see like how much weight you can lift. In the league, there's just no point in this. Like, there's no point to do like a one-rep max. So, I think in college, you know, like I've lifted 405 before, like in college.
Host 10:00 ↗
Oh, you could lift like two and a half of me.
John Urschel 10:02 ↗
Well, to be clear, so this will give you a good sense. When I was at the combine, everyone tries to bench press 225 lbs...
Host 10:11 ↗
Oh.
John Urschel 10:11 ↗
As many times as they can.
Host 10:12 ↗
Mhm.
John Urschel 10:13 ↗
And I did it 30 times.
Host 10:15 ↗
Oh my goodness.
John Urschel 10:16 ↗
So, that's the sense, but, you know.
Host 10:17 ↗
Wow. I think I've conflated your intelligence with your athleticism a little bit.
John Urschel 10:22 ↗
So, my job is hitting people.
Host 10:24 ↗
Right.
John Urschel 10:24 ↗
And so, you're supposed to be very big.
Host 10:27 ↗
Is hitting really fun when you're that big?
John Urschel 10:29 ↗
Yeah, yeah, it was fun. I had a lot of fun.
Host 10:31 ↗
Yeah. I mean, was that the funnest part of football for you, is getting to — I mean, it's...
John Urschel 10:35 ↗
I mean, it's the only part of football for me.
Host 10:36 ↗
Well, no, if you're — but if you're a wide receiver...
John Urschel 10:39 ↗
For me, it's the only part.
Host 10:40 ↗
What do you love about hitting?
John Urschel 10:42 ↗
It's sort of nice. Like, you know, you imagine you're...
Host 10:45 ↗
[laughter]
John Urschel 10:45 ↗
No, you're out on a field and imagine it's us in this sort of like controlled environment together.
Host 10:51 ↗
Yeah.
John Urschel 10:51 ↗
And we line up next to each other.
Host 10:53 ↗
Yeah.
John Urschel 10:53 ↗
And my goal is I want to move you.
Host 10:56 ↗
Yeah.
John Urschel 10:57 ↗
I want to dominate you. I want to impose my will on you.
Host 11:01 ↗
Not her. I want to impose my will on you.
John Urschel 11:03 ↗
Yeah. Yeah.
Host 11:04 ↗
And you want to do the same to me.
Blocking is more complicated than it looks on TV. So, I asked John to give me a demo, but I was not interested in having him impose his will on me, so I offered up our producer, Teo Jacobs.
John Urschel 11:19 ↗
I would get in a stance.
Host 11:20 ↗
Yeah.
John Urschel 11:20 ↗
So, I would step.
Host 11:22 ↗
Okay.
John Urschel 11:23 ↗
And then I'm just moving like this. I'll move up. And that's the idea. And the idea is I want my hat like right here.
Host 11:30 ↗
Yeah. Okay. All right.
John Urschel 11:31 ↗
I'm being kind. My hands are out here, but...
Host 11:33 ↗
Don't be kind.
John Urschel 11:34 ↗
Oh. Do you want to see one that involves two people?
Host 11:38 ↗
Sure.
So much fun.
John Urschel 11:43 ↗
Give me a set hut.
Host 11:44 ↗
Set hut.
[laughter]
John Urschel 11:48 ↗
You all right?
Host 11:49 ↗
Yeah.
John Urschel 11:49 ↗
Yeah.
Host 11:50 ↗
So yeah, we do have really good health insurance, I got to say. So if you broke anything, I think we'll be all right.
[music]
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While you're playing for the NFL, where they want 110% of your physical and mental devotion, yes...
You're also getting your PhD in math at MIT.
John Urschel 13:04 ↗
Yes, although I am not cheating, I would say, because I asked for permission first.
Host 13:09 ↗
From whom? From the team?
John Urschel 13:10 ↗
From the Ravens, yeah.
Host 13:11 ↗
John Harbaugh, the coach.
John Urschel 13:14 ↗
And I asked if it was okay. I said, you know, 'Coach, I want to go back to school to get my degree.'
Host 13:19 ↗
Well, you had two degrees already, right?
John Urschel 13:21 ↗
Yeah, but you know, but it's true, I want to go back to school to get my degree.
Host 13:25 ↗
Okay.
John Urschel 13:25 ↗
And he said, you know, absolutely, this is something we completely support. Like we support people like, you know, finishing school and getting their degrees.
Host 13:33 ↗
Yeah. Cool.
John Urschel 13:34 ↗
So I say, 'Okay, great. Thanks, coach.' So he texts me back maybe like a minute later. He says, 'But wait, but I thought you had your degree and your master's.' And so then I sort of say, but that's true, but I don't have my PhD. And he texts me back something like, 'Oh, okay.'
Host 13:50 ↗
[laughter]
John Urschel 13:50 ↗
And then that was it.
Host 13:53 ↗
Okay, so that's permission.
John Urschel 13:55 ↗
Yeah, yeah. So I'm not attending any lectures.
Host 13:59 ↗
Mhm.
John Urschel 14:00 ↗
And I'm carefully choosing courses that I can get by on by reading the textbook.
Host 14:07 ↗
Mhm.
John Urschel 14:07 ↗
And courses that do not have exams.
Host 14:09 ↗
Okay.
John Urschel 14:10 ↗
So I read the textbook and I do the problems that...
Host 14:12 ↗
Like a PhD-light or something though. Was MIT concerned that you were taking a...
John Urschel 14:19 ↗
Oh, no. So I had to take a full course load, which was three PhD courses in the fall.
Host 14:24 ↗
While you're playing football?

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APA

Urschel, J. (2026, September 8). The NFL Lineman Who Became an MIT Math Professor | Better in Person [Interview transcript]. Freakonomics Radio Network. CEOInterviews.AI. https://ceointerviews.ai/interview/3065574/

MLA

John Urschel. "The NFL Lineman Who Became an MIT Math Professor | Better in Person." Freakonomics Radio Network, 8 Sep. 2026. Transcript, CEOInterviews.AI, https://ceointerviews.ai/interview/3065574/.

BibTeX
@misc{urschel2026_3065574,
  author       = {John Urschel},
  title        = {The NFL Lineman Who Became an MIT Math Professor | Better in Person},
  howpublished = {Interview transcript, Freakonomics Radio Network. CEOInterviews.AI},
  year         = {2026},
  month        = {sep},
  url          = {https://ceointerviews.ai/interview/3065574/},
  note         = {Speaker-attributed transcript with timestamps}
}