Let's get a read on how the economy is doing now. You mentioned a special guest and indeed, we do have one, Tom Barkin, president of the Richmond Fed. We're here at the Richmond Fed with him. And I know you haven't had a chance to really look at these numbers, but in general, the low fire, low higher economy and the tariff affected economy seem to be about what they have been.
Well, it's always good to come on right after a bunch of data comes out. But I wouldn't be as negative on the productivity as you just were. 2.8% on the last ten or 20 or 30 year basis is a really good number. And I think we are seeing companies invest in productivity and deliver some of that technology. But I think a lot of it is you were caught short workers three years ago. You invested in new processes, new staffing models, automation, and people are seeing the results today and that holds down inflation. It does hold down inflation and it allows people to maintain margins at times when their input costs might be coming up.
Well, input costs are probably going up for people who use petroleum. So I want to start there with obviously, the Iran war just started. But what's your gut feel about how that's going to impact prices and the economy?
Don't have any sense on how long it's going to take or what the implications are going to be. Obviously, you watch oil prices. While the U.S. is no longer a net importer, it's still the case that the price at the pump matters a lot in terms of sentiment, in terms of crowding out other spending. And so I'm just watching prices at the pump. They've jumped up over the last week. You can see that when you drive around. But of course, no one knows whether this is going to be short term or long term. And so we'll just see where it goes.
Well, back in the 1970s, we had the oil price shock and we had gas lines and people were miserable at having to pay all this money. And so the Fed eased into that. That turned out to be a mistake. Does this put on hold ideas for the time being of continuing to cut rates?
Well, I think we'll go meeting by meeting and we'll see what we see when we get there. You know, gas prices, obviously, if they're up, that is inflationary. Textbook monetary policy will be you look through a short term shock, but you don't look through a long term shock. And I think that's a lot of the assessment people are going to have to make the Open Market committee.
Before the Iran war started, basically the view seemed to be that we're at peak tariffs now and inflation will start to come down in the latter half of the year. But you throw this into the equation. Where would you put yourself in terms of thinking about the progression of inflation and when you might have enough information to decide whether a cut is worthwhile or not?
Well, we'll have to see how it evolves. If you go back to the fall, the conversations I have with businesses suggests to me that they believe their pricing power is very limited. Consumers are exhausted by inflation and affordability. People are pushing back, whether that be not purchasing or private label or trading down to lower priced retailers or repairing rather than replacing. And so in the conversations you have, you do have a sense that we're on the backside of this inflationary period. We'll head back to normal in the numbers in the fall absent the government shutdown. We're saying much the same thing. I will say over the last month and with the PC numbers that we're expecting next week, you've got a couple of months of relatively high inflation. That certainly puts pause to any conclusion that we're done fighting this. But we'll see where we go.
Well, slicing the business leaders are telling you a little more closely. They know consumers are price sensitive and they're worried about that. But are they also in a situation where they've had to absorb too much? And if we see more price increases of inputs, they're going to have to raise prices?
Well, that's where we come back to productivity being so key to this whole story, because most every business I talked to last April that got tariffs was going to pass it on. It was just clear. And, you know, they needed to maintain margins that consumer was going to have to take it. And when they experiment with that, they got a lot of pushback. And so prices didn't increase the way that a lot of those folks expected. Now, their margins have been very steady, and so corporate margins are quite healthy. Earnings were up, I think, 13%, fourth quarter year over year. And that's because productivity has allowed people to absorb these hits without having effect margins and having to pass it on fully in prices. And when you start seeing good productivity numbers over and over and over again, that gives you some hope that can continue.
What are you hearing from businesses about the other side of your mandate? Employment. Obviously, we're seeing low hire, low fire continue.
Yeah, I have to say, the businesses I talked to, when they describe the labor market, they describe it as pretty open, maybe even loose. Availability is high, turnover is low. I was with a bunch of poultry processors in the Eastern Shore who told me that even after losing workers to temporary protected status, they've been able to replace relatively easily. And if you can replace poultry workers, I think you've got a reasonably open job market. And of course, going back to the fall, that's what we saw as unemployment was ticking up. I will say the last couple of months of employment data has been reassuring. As you've seen, the unemployment rate came down. Jobless claims have stayed low. And so you still hear a relatively loose labor market. You still hear people not hiring, but not firing. And but the numbers are even better than that, I think what you hear.
