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François de Galhau

Former Governor, Bank of France

Search every verified François de Galhau interview, podcast appearance, and on-the-record quote — each transcript cross-checked by AI and human review to confirm speaker identity. François Villeroy de Galhau, former Governor of the Banque de France, delivered the CFM–RCM lecture at the London School of Economics on 30 September 2026, discussing monetary policy amid geopolitical fragmentation. He argued that central bank independence was conferred by democracy and is a precondition for controlling inflation, and he cautioned against replacing forward guidance with excessive reliance on market signals, noting that markets can be volatile and overshoot. He also addressed the Eurosystem's liquidity framework, stating that an ample reserve regime would better control interbank rates and mitigate financial stability risks compared to scarce liquidity. On 1 October 2026, Villeroy de Galhau received the OMFIF Achievement Award for his contributions to central banking and European monetary cooperation, followed by a fireside chat with Bundesbank President Joachim Nagel. In his remarks, he said the euro's success stemmed from its visibility to citizens and proposed a European community for artificial intelligence. He also stated that US unpredictability and fiscal profligacy are gradually eroding the US dollar's dominance, while noting the dollar remains central to the international monetary system and that non-traditional reserve currencies, including the Chinese renminbi, have risen.

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Verified interview transcripts

Notable quotes

“I agree on the limits of forward guidance, but I don't think it should be replaced by an excessive market guidance. Markets are useful, but they can be wrong and overshoot. They tend to be volatile and nonlinear and to miss economic or financial signals for long periods and then react abruptly. Their behavior does not help here and can create serious financial stability problems and crisis. A further issue is one mor”

“No, independence is not a democratic anomaly. And it's very important to stress. On the contrary, independence was conferred by democracy itself and not self-conferred by central bankers. Attacking it is in contradiction with the law and this is what is dangerous for democracy. And no, independence is not an obstacle to reasonably low interest rates, on the contrary it is a precondition for them by making it possible”

“The US unpredictability and fiscal profligacy gradually erodes the dominance of the US dollar. It's a very gradual erosion. The US dollar remains and will remain at the center of the international monetary system. But as you can see, we have already a significant rise of so-called non-traditional reserve currencies including, let us say it bluntly, the Chinese renminbi. Second and still more, and I will insist on tec”

“The euro succeeded because it was visible for all citizens. The euro in the pocket and tomorrow the digital euro. At present, I think that there are at least three obvious tangible expectations from our fellow citizens to address. First, AI and digital. If my compatriot Robert Schuman from the eastern border of France where I was grown was back here in London and had to issue a call, it wouldn't be about coal and ste”

“Nous on a la masse de l'Europe mais on est beaucoup trop divisé. On a des en matière économique, on garde beaucoup trop de frontières de réglementation nationale. Donc ils vont plus vite. On a un décliné. fois je dis he pour le résumer par une image très simple pour que l'Europe se mette en mouvement plus vite pour que tout le monde en profite parce que plus de croissance ça veut dire plus de pouvoir d'achat mais il ”

“Si on le vendait, ça représente moins de 10 % de la dette. Donc c'est comme si on avait vendu les bijoux de famille et on resterait la dette plus de 3000 milliards. On aurait vendu les bijoux de famille et on serait plutôt à et ça sert à rien. Par ailleurs, il y a une très bonne raison de le garder, c'est que ça ne cesse de s'apprécier hein dans le monde très incertain.”

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