Thank you so much for being at Build again. I know it's late for you in Taipei. I really appreciate you staying up. You know, and then, you know, I've been looking at social and, you know, everything people have been talking about since your keynote over the weekend. And suddenly, you know, this concept of unmetered intelligence right at the edge is so hot again. So, maybe you want to talk a little bit. You've thought about this, talked about this, and now, of course, with RTX Spark really delivered, I think, what's a breakthrough system for AI to be much more ubiquitous. But, maybe Jensen, you can just share a little bit your vision around where you see this going.
Well, this all started about 3 years ago between a conversation between you and I. And we were talking about how we could build a new class of PCs that's incredible for designers and creators. And it would be incredible for artificial intelligence. And it would be one of these systems that has the processing capability, but also the software stack that's integrated into the world's design packages and creator packages. And of course, all the things that we're doing with AI. And here we are 3 years later. We built an incredible new chip. And this system is supported by all of this new software that you created for Windows. And we now have the ability to have essentially an autonomous agent running on the PC. Now, when you take a step back and you think about what does that mean? For the 30 or 40 years we've been working together, we went from inventing DirectX together to creating now this incredible computer that has autonomous systems running. The PC evolved from being an incredible tool to now being a tool that's used autonomously by an AI assistant. And so, the idea that I could be traveling and I'm on the phone and I could text my PC and ask my PC to get some coding done or some idea that I have and it would fire up the tools on the PC and it would make the modifications or the changes or the design that I told it to do and it would iterate with me while I'm away from the PC. My PC became an assistant. While I'm sitting there, of course, this PC would be my great assistant as well. And so, this idea that the PC evolved from a personal computer to a personal AI is just really exciting. And to see it come to life, Satya, to see it come to life and actually doing that, you know, so I'm super excited about it. RTX Spark, you mentioned earlier, has all these incredible capabilities, a petaflop of AI performance. It has a petaflops of NVFP4, this numerical format that our two companies worked on together, that allows us to take advantage of this 128 GB of memory and fit maybe a couple of hundred billion parameter model. A couple hundred billion parameter model is state-of-the-art. And so, I think the days of having a really smart assistant running on the PC is here.
Yeah, no, it's so awesome and in fact, I'm also excited about Windows coming to the GB300. And so, that's another thing that it's kind of like data center right on your desktop and it's so exciting. But talking about that data center side, obviously, you know, this entire thing got started when we built the first supercomputer together to train the GPT models and we've come a long way. In fact, even I was talking about the Fairwater design. It is custom-built essentially for the Grace Blackwell era to be able to max the data center design with the system design you had. And now, of course, we're validating Vera Rubin. We're very excited about it. Maybe you want to share a little bit about sort of what happens even on the cloud side with how you're pushing on the systems innovation.
Well, our journey's been incredible. We built the first AI supercomputer together. That was based on Ampere. Of course, Hopper was an incredible success. These first two generations were focused on pre-training. Grace Blackwell came along, and all of the focus moved to post-training, reinforcement learning, which allowed us to have reasoning models. And these reasoning models, based on mixture of experts, were incredibly intelligent, energy efficient, but it requires giant systems. And so, we created NVLink 72, and the entire rack became one computer. We had evolved from one node to now one rack. Well, Microsoft deployed the largest number of Grace Blackwells in the world today. The fastest and the largest number of Grace Blackwells in the world. Fairwater is just a magnificent system to look at. It's just a miracle of engineering. It's just an incredible feat. It's completely liquid cooled. You mentioned something earlier that I'm very proud of as well, that it's closed looped. Basically, uses almost no water, and it's incredibly environmentally friendly. It's energy efficient. We're able to increase the token generation rate and reduce the cost of token generation by an order of magnitude, some 30 times over Hopper. So, that was a huge achievement. Well, Vera Rubin was created for a world where these AIs are now agentic. And so, whereas Hopper was created for pre-training, Grace Blackwell for training, post-training, and also inference, Vera Rubin is designed to run agents. It's agents, as you know, this computing pattern is exactly the same computing pattern we're going to run on the RTX Spark. It's exactly the same agentic system, except of course, it's going to be much, much larger. We're going to process enormous number of them simultaneously. Many of them are going to be from different customers and different partners. And so, the entire path, the entire coding path from storage, which is the long-term memory, the working memory, is encrypted. The data is encrypted in transit. The data is also encrypted in use. And so, we're going to really innovate in the area of confidential computing. And so, this entire disaggregated, distributed computing system, you mentioned CPUs, Vera is a revolutionary CPU designed for agents. You know, the past CPUs were designed for humans. And you know, we're just more patient than agents are. And agents want low latency, just as you have been working on as well. Vera was designed for extremely low latency. And so, Vera Rubin is just completely revolutionary. I can't wait to show it to everybody. You've already stood it up.
